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Flame Retardant Polymer Materials Design for Wire and Cable Applications
Published in Yuan Hu, Xin Wang, Flame Retardant Polymeric Materials, 2019
Christian Lagreve, Laurent Ferry, Jose-Marie Lopez-Cuesta
In some cases, the use of PVC or polyolefins is not able to face drastic requirements regarding fire performance. Fluoropolymers and silicones are more expensive materials, but present a very low flammability. Silicones exhibit specific fire behavior due to their ability to form an expanded ceramic structure when it thermally decomposes. The cohesion of this ceramic structure made of silica and silicon carbides regarding the fire parameters (temperature increase, ventilation) (Camino et al. 2001) can be improved using mineral fillers in order to prevent short circuits (Hamdani et al. 2010). Concerning fluoropolymers, the main concern is the risk of corrosive release in case of fire, nevertheless, recent industrial compounds for wires and cables can scavenge acids during combustion (Kiddoo 2007). Among the fluoropolymers, around 65% of fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) is used in cable insulation. Its interest lies in its low smoke emission in comparison with other polymers. So, it can be considered as an excellent solution for confined and dense spaces of buildings (Gardiner 2015). Ethylene chlorotrifluoro ethylene (ECTFE) and ethylene trifluoroethylene (ETFE) copolymers are also often used for transportation cable and wires. PVDF presents one of the highest LOI values (Table 14.4), nevertheless, its use is restricted to low voltage applications, due to its too high dielectric loss factor (Lin and Kent 2009).
Basic Materials Engineering
Published in David A. Hansen, Robert B. Puyear, Materials Selection for Hydrocarbon and Chemical Plants, 2017
David A. Hansen, Robert B. Puyear
Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene (FEP). FEP, also sold under the trade name of Teflon, has substantially the same chemical resistance as PTFE, but the maximum temperature limit is lower, 400°F (205°C). The primary advantage of FEP over PTFE is that it is melt processible. This permits the molding of complex geometries not easily obtained with PTFE. Common applications include liners for valves, lined pipe and liners for process equipment.
Properties of Polymers Suitable for Solar Energy Applications
Published in Nicholas P. Cheremisinoff, Elastomer Technology Handbook, 2020
PETP, PMMA, and PVF soften above 90°C. Fiberglass can be used to somewhat higher temperatures than PETP without reinforcing fibers. None of these should be used as inner collector glazings. PCOs have an upper limit of 130°C and can be used fairly close to the absorber in air heating collectors. The maximum temperature for Teflon® FEP is 200°C. If allowance is made for the sag that occurs at high temperatures, FEP can be used as an inner glazing.
A power generation roadbed based on direct current triboelectric nanogenerators for human kinetic energy harvesting
Published in Journal of the Chinese Institute of Engineers, 2023
Baichuan Shan, Changxin Liu, Nanxi Chen, Jianhao Liu, Hao Sui, Huaan Li, Guangyi Xing, Runhe Chen
Although FEP has good power generation performance, it has poor abrasion resistance. PET has good abrasion resistance but poor power generation performance. Therefore, Kapton was finally selected as the material of the RFL for the device. The three materials were tested for wear resistance in the experimental system in Figure 4a, and the comparison of wear for Kapton, PET and FEP are shown in Figures 4b,c,d. As shown in Figure 4e, in a wear test experiment, using a maximum rotor speed of 300 r/min for continuous operation, the RFL made by KAPTON was able to generate a peak voltage of approximately 200 v after 100 h of continuous wear, and still keep a high performance.