Geologic formations

Basic Principles

Published in Kathleen Sellers, Fundamentals of Hazardous Waste Site Remediation, 2018

A layer of fill covers many sites in developed areas. Fill, which may comprise soil, ashes, and/or mixed debris, was placed at many sites to fill in a wetland and make usable land, to level natural ground contours, or to dispose of waste. Natural geologic formations include unconsolidated deposits and rocks. Unconsolidated deposits are soils originally deposited by glaciers, water (such as river sediments), or wind (such as sand dunes). Unconsolidated deposits include materials such as gravel, sand, silt, and clay. These materials are characterized by their particle size, as indicated in Table 2.6. Rock formations include consolidated sedimentary rocks such as sandstone, shale, and limestone, igneous rocks, and metamorphic rocks such as granite, basalt, slate, or gneiss.

Correlation between PMT and SPT results for calcareous soil

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Journal Information

Published in HBRC Journal, 2018

Mona B. Anwar

The proposed correlation, for soil Group 1, is considered as local correlation for this formation in Jeddah and also can be considered applicable for soils having the same gradation and similar geologic formation. The proposed correlation for soil Group 1 shows good accuracy relative to the published correlations. The increase in gravel content changed the behavior and reduced the coefficient of correlation in soil Groups 2 and 3. The proposed correlation for soil Group 1 provides higher values for the elastic modulus for the same NSPT relative to the correlations found in the literature and this is due to the difference in soil (e.g. gravel content) and geological formation, its calcareous nature and its tendency to break under the SPT which reduces the equivalent NSPT.

Geologic formations

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Basic Principles

Correlation between PMT and SPT results for calcareous soil