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Explosives
Published in Michael L. Madigan, First Responders Handbook, 2017
Tertiary explosives, also called blasting agents, are so insensitive to shock that they cannot be reliably detonated by practical quantities of primary explosive, and instead require an intermediate explosive booster of secondary explosive. These are often used for safety and the typically lower costs of material and handling. Primary users are large-scale mining and construction operations. They ha ve also been used for terrorist attacks, because of the sometimes ready availability of large quantities of precursors (e.g., nitrate fertilizers).
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Published in Michael L. Madigan, HAZMAT Guide for First Responders, 2017
Tertiary explosives, also called blasting agents, are so insensitive to shock that they cannot be reliably detonated by practical quantities of primary explosive and instead require an intermediate explosive booster of secondary explosive. These are often used for safety and the typically lower costs of material and handling. The largest consumers are large-scale mining and construction operations.
Formation of double front detonations of a condensed-phase explosive with powdered aluminium
Published in Combustion Theory and Modelling, 2018
Wuhyun Kim, Min-cheol Gwak, Jack J. Yoh
Representative two-phase models differ by their methods in which burning of Al particles is described. Fedorov [3] used an Arrhenius type burning model for the heterogeneous detonation of Al particles in a pure oxygen environment. Kuhl [4] conducted research on the burning of Al particles in air distributed by an explosive booster with the Khasainov and Veyssiere model (KV model) based on an empirical formula. Their burning model considered the ignition system as an on/off switch using temperature as a criterion. In general, the ignition temperature of Al particles is above the melting temperature of 932 K. Zhang [5] proposed a hybrid model that combines an Arrhenius type reaction model and diffusion model without an on/off switch at the ignition temperature of Al particles and applied to the burning of Al particles in a combustible gas mixture.