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Formulation Development of Small-Volume Parenteral Products
Published in Sandeep Nema, John D. Ludwig, Parenteral Medications, 2019
Madhav S. Kamat, Patrick P. DeLuca
Pharmacopeias often specify the type and amount of additive substances that may be included in injectable products. These requirements often vary from compendia to compendia, so it is important to refer to the specific pharmacopeia that applies to the product in question. USP [1] specifies following maximum limits in preparations for injection that are administered in a volume exceeding 5 mL: for agents containing mercury and the cationic surface-active compounds, 0.01%; for chlorobutanol, cresol, phenol, and similar types of substances, 0.5%; and for sulfur dioxide, or an equivalent amount of the sulfite, bisulfite, or metabisulfite of potassium or sodium, 0.2%. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) derivatives and salts are sometimes used to complex and thereby inactivate trace metals that may catalyze oxidative degradation of drugs. Japan does not allow the use of these particular chelating agents in any parenteral product. The properties and function of these added substances will be reviewed next, except solubilizing agents and surfactant, which have been reviewed earlier.
Intelligent Scaffold–Mediated Enhancement of the Viability and Functionality of Transplanted Pancreatic Islets to Cure Diabetes Mellitus
Published in Gilson Khang, Handbook of Intelligent Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, 2017
Min Jun Kim, Hae Hyun Hwang, Dong Yun Lee
Metal ions, including Mg2+ and Ca2+, are important for the attachment of cells to fibronectin and collagen via the receptor proteins on the cell membrane.38,39 When chelating agents are used to treat the tissue, they form a ring-shaped structure that tightly binds and isolates the central metal ions. As a result, the chelating agents can easily promote dissociation of the cells from the ECM molecules. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) is a widely used chelating agent and is usually used in combination with enzymes.
Enhanced immobilization of mercury (II) from desulphurization wastewater by EDTA functionalized graphene oxide nanoparticles
Published in Environmental Technology, 2020
Jiaxing Sun, Heng Chen, Dongxu Qi, Hao Wu, Changsong Zhou, Hongmin Yang
Surface properties and oxygen-containing groups of adsorbents play a vital role in adsorption performance. Graphene oxide (GO) has been widely recognized as a perfect modification material for its affluent oxygen-containing groups and a two-dimensional structure [18–20]. During the recent years, researches have been performed on the GO-based adsorbents in such ways as development of graphene-metal sensors, catalytic materials applications [21–23]. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) is an effective chelating agent with different kinds of metal ions [24]. Wastewater adsorption has been extensively investigated including organic materials [25–30], inorganic materials [31–42], high polymer materials [43–45] and biologic materials [11]. To request an effective and realizable way for Hg(II) removal in desulphurization wastewater, EDTA modified GO (EDTA-GO) composite was synthesized [45].
A multivariate analysis of health risk assessment, phytoremediation potential, and biochemical attributes of Spinacia oleracea exposed to cadmium in the presence of organic amendments under hydroponic conditions
Published in International Journal of Phytoremediation, 2019
Saliha Shamshad, Muhammad Shahid, Camille Dumat, Marina Rafiq, Sana Khalid, Muhammad Sabir, Malik M. S. Missen, Noor S. Shah, Abu Bakr Umer Farooq, Behzad Murtaza, Nabeel Khan Niazi
Despite considerable progress in recent years, the role of metal speciation (an applied form of a metal) towards biogeochemical behavior (soil-plant-human transfer, accumulation in different plant tissues/organs, phytotoxicity and detoxification) of metal is still noteworthy (Austruy et al. 2014; Rafiq et al. 2018). It is well established that the chemical speciation of a metal governs its uptake by plants, storage in different plant tissues (edible or non-edible), thereby controlling both the food contamination and associated health risks (Meighan et al. 2011). In fact, different chemical species of a metal or metalloid have dissimilar soil-plant transfer indexes (Saifullah et al. 2015). Hence, it is noteworthy to assess the influence of Cd speciation on its soil-plant transfer and associated health risks. During the last 2–3 decades, several reports demonstrated the role of organic amendments in heavy metal remediation studies (Khalid et al. 2017). Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) is one of the most used synthetic chelating agents (Weihong et al. 2009; Rafiq et al. 2017) because of its ability to chelate and mobilize heavy metals in soil. Similarly, low-molecular-weight organic acids (LMWOAs) have been suggested to be involved in toxic element accumulation, translocation, and tolerance (Xu et al. 2010; Abbas et al. 2016).
The Removal of Pb and Cd from Heavily Contaminated Soil in Kayseri, Turkey by a Combined Process of Soil Washing and Electrodeposition
Published in Soil and Sediment Contamination: An International Journal, 2018
Aydeniz Demir Delil, Nurcan Köleli
Soil washing using chelating agents is known to be an important method for the removal of heavy metals from the soil. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) has been mostly used for soil washing, since it has an effective ability in chelating the divalent cations and it is relatively inexpensive compared to other chelants (Demir and Koleli, 2013a; Naghipour et al., 2016; Pociecha and Lestan, 2009). EDTA has the tendency to increase the metal desorption/dissolution into the soil because it formulates negatively charged complexes with metal cations (Me) such as [Me(HEDTA)]−, [Me(EDTA)]2−.