China 
Africa 
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Herbal Supplements and Health
Published in Anil K. Sharma, Raj K. Keservani, Surya Prakash Gautam, Herbal Product Development, 2020
Himangini Bansal, Sakshi Bajaj
Ephedrine and pseudoephedrine are additionally utilized in dietary supplements that guarantee to increase weight reduction and upgrade athletic performance. The active components are basically associated with amphetamines; they play similar, although less potent, roles in stimulating the central nervous system. Ephedrine is usually the first ingredient present in illegally synthesized medicine, consisting of methamphetamines (Shekelle et al., 2003). In vitro studies demonstrate that there was also associated decreased specific antigen-induced T(H)2 cytokine secretion by polarized splenocytes. Distillates of E. sinica were able to help arthritis symptoms. It was also referred to the expression of C3 and C9; myeloperoxidase activity increased when Ephedra was administered to animals after traumatic spinal cord damage, thus suggesting it may be helpful for controlling complement activation and inflammation all through major trauma and injury (Dasgupta and Hammett-Stabler, 2010). Recent studies demonstrate that dietary supplements containing ephedrine can cause severe and possibly fatal adverse effects particularly when combined with caffeine or different stimulants.
A Systematic Review of Stimulant Use in Civilian and Military Aviation
Published in The International Journal of Aerospace Psychology, 2021
Alex M. Ehlert, Patrick B. Wilson
A systematic review protocol was developed with consideration of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Statement (Moher et al., 2015). Four electronic databases (PubMed, SPORTSDiscus, Web of Science, PsychInfo) were searched in March 2020 using the following keyword combination: (military pilot OR flight crew OR aviator OR aerospace OR aircrew OR aviation) AND (stimulant OR psycho stimulant OR caffeine OR amphetamine OR dextroamphetamine OR dexedrine OR modafinil OR ephedrine OR dimethylamylamine). Articles were first screened for relevance by reading the title and abstract. Eligible articles and those that could not be decisively excluded from title and abstract screening were read in full, and a final decision was made about inclusion. Reference lists were also manually searched to identify additional relevant studies. All search procedures were performed by one author and carefully checked for accuracy. The Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) database was not originally included in the search strategy because the public database does not operate the same way as academic databases in terms of Boolean operators. However, a post hoc search of the DTIC was conducted in response to a request by reviewers. Publicly available technical reports were searched using the following keywords: 1) aviation fatigue, and 2) aviation stimulants.