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Special Features of Construction Operations Related to Substructure Works to be Carried Out Under Reconstruction
Published in P.A. Konovalov, Bases and Foundations of Buildings under Reconstruction, 2020
Experience in waterproofing damp walls in St. Petersburg has shown that the only way to feed solutions of liquid glass and calcium chloride into masonry is under the action of direct electric current. Since the bricks and hard mortar joints of the wall constitute a rigid capillary system, their drying can be effected by electro-osmosis. Electro-osmosis is based on the principle of movement of liquid through capillaries or pores in the mass upon superimposition of an external electrical field. A direct current source is needed for this purpose, which can be derived from galvanic elements placed directly in the damp wall (O.M. Friedman, 1963). By this method the cost of labour is reduced by 3–4 times and the cost of drying 1 m wall length, 2.5–3.0 times. The drawback in this method is that the source of direct current requires qualified supervision throughout the entire operation.
Analysis and manipulation of solid particles
Published in Michael Pycraft Hughes, Nanoelectromechanics in Engineering and Biology, 2018
Unlike the processes within the Stern layer, charge movement in the diffuse part of the double layer is related to electro-osmotic transport rather than straightforward conduction. Electro-osmosis is a process of fluid movement due to an applied potential across a nearby charged surface; the countercharge accumulates near the surface and then moves in the electric field due to Coulombic attraction. The presence of the surface creates a viscous drag that impedes the motion of the charges. Lyklema16 gives the following expression for the effective conductance of the diffuse layer containing one ionic species: () Ksd=(4F2cz2Dd(1+3m/z2))RTκ(cosh[zqζ2kT]−1)
Bacterial Nanocellulose Biomaterials with Controlled Architecture for Tissue Engineering Scaffolds and Customizable Implants
Published in Miguel Gama, Paul Gatenholm, Dieter Klemm, Bacterial NanoCellulose, 2016
Paul Gatenholm, Joel Berry, Andrea Rojas, Michael B. Sano, Rafael V. Davalos, Kara Johnson, Laurie O’Rourke
Electrokinetics is the result of several effects that occur once a particle is introduced to a fluid. In theory, an object in a fluid will form an electrical double layer composed of ions. The first layer, or surface charge, is composed of either all positive or all negative ions. The second layer, or diffuse layer, forms in the fluid by surface charge attraction. When an external force, such as an electric field, is applied on a particle in a fluid, the motion of the particle moves toward a region of opposite charge as a result of the diffuse layer combined with the Coulombic force. The net forces on the particle are known as electrokinetic forces and can be identified as electroosmosis and electrophoresis. Electroosmosis is the response of the fluid to an electric field and typically can affect the motion of a particle within the fluid, while electrophoresis is the motion of charged particle in a uniform electric field. The electrokinetic velocity can be calculated using Huckel’s equation, where the ueo and uep are the electroosmotic and electrophoretic mobilites and E is the magnitude of the applied electric field (Tandon et al. 2008): Vek=(μeo+,μep)E→.
Analysis of Joule heating and Hall effects on the electro-osmotic flow of third-grade nanofluid regulated by peristaltic waves through a porous medium with double diffusion
Published in Waves in Random and Complex Media, 2023
S. Hina, S. M. Kayani, A. Fayyaz
Electrokinetic motion has piqued the attention of numerous investigators during the last few decades. Electro-osmosis is an electro-kinetic process in which an electric field is applied to activate ionized fluid flow through a charged surface in a microchannel. Reuss [17] discovered the phenomena of electro-osmotic with porous clay. In microchannels, having an electric field in the axial direction can significantly boost the microfluidic transport rate [18]. Tripathi et al. [19] investigated the Joule heating effect on the flow of nanofluids caused by a combination of peristaltic and electro-osmotic pumping. In an electro-osmosis mechanism, certain mathematical models on the peristaltic pumping of nanofluids have recently been proposed [20–22].
Influence of electro-osmosis on physicochemical parameters and microstructure of clay soils
Published in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 2019
Many electrokinetic processes in clay soils, such as electro-osmosis, are intended to solve a variety of problems in the building industry, technical melioration of soils, manufacturing industry, agriculture, and environmental science.[1–5] However, despite the study of electro-osmosis in clay soils for a long time, many co-occurring phenomena, which take place in soils following the passing of direct current, have not been sufficiently studied. In particular, the changes of physicochemical parameters of soil, its microstructure, and diffuse double layer (DDL) parameters within the interelectrode space attracted far less attention.
A time-fractional model of free convection electro-osmotic flow of Casson fluid through a microchannel using generalized Fourier and Fick’s law
Published in Waves in Random and Complex Media, 2022
Suleman Irshad, Farhad Ali, Ilyas Khan
Electro-osmosis is termed as the motion of a fluid induced by applying a potential across a porous material, membrane, microchannel, or capillary tube. Two centuries ago, Reuss [19] explored the concept of electro-osmosis experimentally. In the last few years, it has been noticed that electro-osmosis has vast applications in the modern world, that is, in different fields like biochemistry, medicine, and some other industries [20–24]. Yang et al. [25] concluded in their study that due to an interaction between the Electric Double Layer (EDL) and an electrostatic field, a driving force develops, which drives the flow. Herr et al. explored the electro-osmotic flow in cylindrical capillaries [26]. Abdulhameed et al. [27] explored the effect of a time-fractional parameter on the EDL. Awan et al. [28] explored the slip flow of the second-grade fluid. A combined effect of electrosmosis and pressure gradient has been taken on the flow. The impact of pressure and fluid inertia on the velocity of electro-osmotic flows is investigated by Santiago [29]. Murtaza et al. [30] elaborated on the impact of Joule heating and the viscous dissipation over the flow of generalized Maxwell fluid along with the effect of electrosmosis and heat transmission through a channel. Ali et al. [31] elaborated on the MHD and natural convection flow of viscoelastic fluids under the effect of electrosmosis. Fu et al. [32] have made an analysis of the electro-osmotic flow through a micro-channel. Sadr et al. [33] carried out experimental work to study the steady and fully developed electro-osmotic flow in the rectangular micro-channels. Ali et al. [34] offered a fractional model for the electro-osmotic flow of Walters B fluid in which they have taken time-dependent concentration and temperature profiles.