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Common Heat Treatment Practices
Published in Bankim Chandra Ray, Rajesh Kumar Prusty, Deepak Nayak, Phase Transformations and Heat Treatments of Steels, 2020
Bankim Chandra Ray, Rajesh Kumar Prusty, Deepak Nayak
Alloy steels are categorized based on the alloying element present in the steel. The most common are manganese steels, silicon steels, chromium steels, nickel steels, and molybdenum steels. Manganese is added to carbon steels to improve the tensile strength, hardenability, and hot workability of steel. Heat treatment methods like hardening and tempering result in the best possible mechanical properties, while normalizing treatment improves the impact strength, after which they are used for large forgings and castings. Silicon, like manganese, is present as a cheap deoxidizer in all steels. When the steels contain more than 0.6% silicon, they are grouped as silicon steels. They possess improved elastic properties, excellent electrical and magnetic properties, and enhanced resistance to scaling at high temperatures. Mainly, steels with 3%–4% silicon and less than 0.5% carbon, popularly known as electrical steel, is used in the cores and poles of electrical machinery. The desired properties are derived from a coarse-grained and textured structure, which is obtained by repeated cold rolling and annealing at 1100°C–1200°C under hydrogen atmosphere.
Introduction
Published in Stanislaw Zurek, Characterisation of Soft Magnetic Materials Under Rotational Magnetisation, 2017
In terms of weight and volume, electrical steel sheet represents the vast majority of magnetic materials used in technology. These steels are classified in accordance to measurements performed with the Epstein frame or SST method (IEC, 2000).
Analysis and Comparative Evaluation of Multi Stack and Novel Single Stack Polyphase Transverse Flux Machines
Published in Electric Power Components and Systems, 2021
Priyanka M. Golatgaonkar, Rajaram T. Ugale, Bhalchandra N. Chaudhari, Bhavesh A. Rathod
The performance of the proposed TFM topology (T1) having homopolar main field flux and heteropolar armature flux is compared with the performance of conventional TFM having heteropolar main field flux and homopolar armature flux (T0). The analysis is carried out by MEC approach for both the machines [15]. The analysis is based on the assumption of constant finite relative permeability (μr) of the ferromagnetic parts and constant recoil permeability (μrm) of the permanent magnets. A 3-D FEA of both the machines is carried out using commercial FEA software ANSYS-Electromagnetic suite. Electrical steel (M-19 grade) is used for the core sections of the machine which are ferromagnetic in nature. Non-linearity of the material is also taken into account. The properties of PMs are considered to be linear in the second quadrant. Quarter section of the machine is analyzed by applying symmetry boundary conditions to take into account the effect of the complete geometry.