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Environmental and Health Effects Due to the Usage of Wastewater
Published in Mu Naushad, Life Cycle Assessment of Wastewater Treatment, 2018
Ponnusamy Senthil Kumar, G. Janet Joshiba
EDC are highly toxic to human and animal health. They disturb the endocrine system by emulating, blocking, or upsetting the secretion of hormones that are most essential for the health of humans and other species. EDC specifically affect the reproductive system of human beings by diminishing sperm count and damaging the reproductive system. EDC also cause tumors in specific regions such as the prostate, the ovary, and the testicles. They cause alterations in the function of the reproductive system, change sexual behavior, and disturb the immune system (Bolong et al., 2009; Akpor and Muchie, 2011).
Trace Organics
Published in Robert H. Kadlec, Treatment Marshes for Runoff and Polishing, 2019
In the groups pesticides and pharmaceuticals, there are substances that are termed endocrine disruptors (ED), or endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC), because they can induce physiological changes in biota, sometimes at very low concentrations. It has been suggested that humans and domestic and wildlife species have suffered adverse health consequences resulting from exposure to chemicals in the environment that interact with the endocrine system (Colborn et al., 1997).
Effects of Ozone Dose and Contact Time on Ozonation Process Performance for Treatment of High Rate Activated Sludge Process Effluent
Published in Ozone: Science & Engineering, 2022
Ebru Reyyan Toroz, Yasemin Akdag, Malhun Fakioglu, Sevde Korkut, Ece Sagir Kurt, Ezgi Atli, Huseyin Guven, Hale Ozgun, Izzet Ozturk, Mustafa Evren Ersahin
The term “micropollutant” basically describes the chemicals released to the water-soil-air matrix by anthropological activities, yet these substances differ from macropollutants, basically by their very low concentration in a range of microgram to picogram per liter (Mulder, Antakyali, Ante 2015). Micropollutants consist of pharmaceuticals, personal care products, steroid hormones, industrial chemicals, pesticides, polyaromatic hydrocarbons and other recently emerged compounds (Nas et al. 2017). Discharging various micropollutants, in particular substances classified as a priority and hazardous ones, into the aquatic environment leads to serious concerns due to their potential adverse effects on human health and ecosystem (Derco et al. 2021). Contaminants such as endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDC) and pharmaceuticals are suspected to have a substantial negative impact on humans and wildlife hormone systems (Clara et al. 2005). Therefore, an effective elimination process for the micropollutants in WWTPs is of critical importance for preventing the deterioration of the aquatic environment.
Endocrine disruptor chemicals awareness scale development for health sector professionals
Published in Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 2021
Seref Tan, Ali Derya Atik, Begum Yurdakok-Dikmen, Ayhan Filazi, Kadriye Yurdakok, Figen Erkoc
Humans and wildlife from exposure to chemicals can interfere with the endocrine system. These effects can include: developmental malformations, interference with reproduction, increased cancer risk, disturbances in the immune and nervous system function (United States Environmental Protection Agency). Human exposure is mainly due to the environment, drinking water, and food. Although increases in certain cancers (such as breast, prostate, testicular) have been associated with EDCs, researchers think that such effects may have an endocrine-related basis and may have environmental causes (La Merrill et al. 2020). Although EDCs may have the potential to contribute, the actual causes still need scientific and unequivocal elucidation. More than one mechanism of action, diverse chemical groups and scientifically controversial evidence make EDC exposure and risks a very challenging field of study. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are a variety of chemicals/substances that alter the function(s) of the endocrine system consequently causing adverse health effects; which is defined as a “global threat” by WHO (2002).”
The obesogen tributyltin induces features of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): a review
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 2018
Eduardo Merlo, Ian V. Silva, Rodolfo C. Cardoso, Jones B. Graceli
Exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDC) is an important environmental factor that may contribute to the development of PCOS (Diamanti-Kandarakis et al. 2008; 2009; Rutkowska and Diamanti-Kandarakis 2016; Tabb and Blumberg 2006). In the United States, recent estimates identified approximately a 1000 chemicals that meet the EDC criteria, most of which were poorly tested for adverse health effects (FDA, 2010; Gore 2016; Zoeller et al. 2012). EDC are chemicals that (1) disrupt the production, release, metabolism, and/or elimination of natural hormones; (2) mimic the effect of natural hormones, leading to developmental, metabolic and reproductive abnormalities (Diamanti-Kandarakis et al. 2009; Tabb and Blumberg 2006; Yoon et al. 2014). Rutkowska and Diamanti-Kandarakis (2016) demonstrated that PCOS development might be linked to exposure to some EDC, such as bisphenol A (BPA), phthalates, and advanced glycation end products. However, exposure to other EDC, such as tributyltin (TBT), might also promote development of PCOS-like features (Grün et al. 2006; Podratz et al. 2012; Sena et al. 2017; Zuo et al. 2011).