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In Silico Approach to Cancer Therapy
Published in Anjana Pandey, Saumya Srivastava, Recent Advances in Cancer Diagnostics and Therapy, 2022
Anjana Pandey, Saumya Srivastava
In anticancer pharmaceutics, repurposing the obsolete FDA-approved drugs for novel therapeutic use became a fascinating approach (Hsieh et al., 2019; Lo and Torres, 2019; Melge et al., 2019; Costa et al., 2020; Dinić et al., 2020; GNS et al., 2020; Irham et al., 2020; De et al., 2021; Mahdian et al., 2021). This process is also called drug repurposing. The primary benefit of this process is associated with the cost of drug and time issues. Drug repurposing significantly reduces drug development’s associated risk and expense and curtails the time gap from drug finding to its availability for patients because of having suitable and appropriate pharmacokinetics and clinical data (Shaughnessy, 2011; Papapetropoulos and Szabo, 2018; Fayed et al., 2021; Issa et al., 2021; Karaman Mayack and Sippl, 2021; Li et al., 2021; Mottini et al., 2021; Sankhe et al., 2021; Sohraby and Aryapour, 2021; Zhang et al., 2021). Generally, experimental-driven drug repurposing is just a matter of uncertainty; it can’t be driven hypothetically. Instead, it can be obtained from screening drug experiments or by the target similarities identification in different diseases (Wilkinson and Pritchard, 2015). In the case of cancer, examples of current drug repurposing include (i) Disulfiram, which was initially used for the treatment of alcoholism and discovered as therapeutics for cancer treatment (Iljin et al., 2009; Huang et al., 2016; Skrott et al., 2017); (ii) Valproic Acid, an antiepileptic repurposed to the anticancer drug in many clinical trials (Chateauvieux et al., 2010); (iii) Nelfinavir, originally used to treat HIV infection and now it is under clinical trials for the treatment of breast, lung, and melanoma cancers (Shim and Liu, 2014).
Antiviral Nanomaterials as Potential Targets for Malaria Prevention and Treatment
Published in Devarajan Thangadurai, Saher Islam, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Viral and Antiviral Nanomaterials, 2022
Kantrol Kumar Sahu, Sunita Minz, Madhulika Pradhan, Monika Kaurav, Krishna Yadav
Since drug development is expensive and tedious, alternate methodologies are important to restructure the discovery procedure of novel malaria therapeutics. Drug repurposing is a technique focused on the recognizable proof of different utilizations for already approved or trial medications that are out of the field of reference of the first clinical sign (Ashburn and Thor 2004; Pushpakom et al. 2019). As a matter of fact, their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics parameters have already been known and can be strategies to target other disorders in search of new pharmacological activity.
IT responses to Covid-19: rapid innovation and strategic resilience in healthcare
Published in Information Systems Management, 2020
The most common form of knowledge repurposing in the pharmaceutical industry is drug repurposing, which can be defined as, “ ….studying drugs that are already approved to treat one disease or condition to see if they are safe and effective for treating other diseases” (Cures within Reach & Mind-Set Social Innovation Foundation). Drug repurposing can provide cheaper and faster treatments for illnesses and disease, with a higher probability of success. According to Cures within Reach & Mind-Set Social Innovation Foundation, some average estimates include around a quarter of a million dollars for repurposed drug treatments versus over one billion dollars for novel drug treatments; about three years to get the drug to market with repurposed drugs versus about 12 years with novel drugs; and a success rate of about three in ten with repurposed drug treatments versus about one in ten thousand with novel drug treatments.
COVID-19: a pandemic challenging healthcare systems
Published in IISE Transactions on Healthcare Systems Engineering, 2021
Lidong Wang, Cheryl Ann Alexander
Drug repurposing is using drugs approved for another purpose by the Federal Drug Administration (FDA) in the US and other global drug regulation agencies and repurposing them for an off-label use; it is a helpful drug approval method which identifies available drugs and new uses to combat other diseases which can save costs and time compared with de novo drug discovery. Scholars have developed a powerful and integrative pharmacology method based on network systems offered to rapidly identify repurposable drugs or drug combinations for possible treatment solutions for COVID-19. Methods may minimalize the translational gap between the clinical outcome and the preclinical testing result, which is an important issue in quickly developing effective therapeutics for COVID-19 (Zhou et al., 2020). An example of repurposing drugs is the use of hydroxychloroquine to treat early stage COVID-19 in outpatient settings. Although an FDA off-label use, hydroxychloroquine has proven quite effective in treating autoimmune diseases and malaria for over 50 years. However, due to public and political controversy in the USA, the off-label use of hydroxychloroquine has been restricted by the FDA, some state governments, some regulating boards, etc. Other countries, however, have demonstrated effective use of hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, zinc, and Pepcid. Although the results are more speculative, there has been some effectiveness in the use of the combination. These drugs present a pathway to disrupting Ca2+ signaling. Intracellular calcium homeostasis can be an alternative mechanism for HCQ/CQ pharmacology and should also be considered when providers are evaluating the risks and benefits of using the drug combinations (Zhan et al., 2020).