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Tissue Engineering and Application in Tropical Medicine
Published in Rajesh K. Kesharwani, Raj K. Keservani, Anil K. Sharma, Tissue Engineering, 2022
Trypanosomiasis is another important tropical vector-borne protozoon infection. It is a well-known tropical blood infection seen in several tropical South American and African countries. Severe tissue destroy can be seen in cases of severe trypanosomiasis, Chagas disease. Focusing on application on tissue engineering, some ongoing studies are presently done (Soares and Santos, 2009). Tissue engineering and cell therapy are presently widely investigated for its feasibility as a new mean of recovering the heart function lost due to chronic pathology in trypanosomiasis (Soares and Santos, 2009). The main possible advantage of using tissue engineering technology in Chagas disease is for management of cardiac pathology (Soares and Santos, 2009). Chachques (2009) noted that the tissue engineering is the possible new effective way for management of Chagas heart disease, which was previously noncurable. Clinically, the tissue engineering might be useful in cardiac regenerative therapy in American trypanosomiasis (Chachques, 2009). Some new biosubstances are developed for management of Chagas disease (Rodrigues et al., 2014). Design, synthesis, and evaluation of the new derivatives are reported (Kashif et al., 2017). de Menezes et al. (2015) noted that hydroxamic acid derivatives containing o-ethoxy (HAD1) and p-ethoxy (HAD2) as substituent in the aromatic ring linked to the isoxazoline ring were promising scaffolds for rational compound optimization in Chagas disease.
Ruthenium in Medicinal Chemistry
Published in Ajay Kumar Mishra, Lallan Mishra, Ruthenium Chemistry, 2018
Among these NTDs, American trypanosomiasis (Chagas disease), Human African trypanosomiasis and leishmaniasis are infections produced by genomically related trypanosomatid parasites and are mainly transmitted through the bite of specific insects. Chagas disease is a potentially life-threatening illness caused by the protozoan kinetoplastid parasite, Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi). Originally, it was an ancient and endemic disease confined to Latin America but in the last decade it has spread to non endemic countries in other continents due to immigration of unknowingly infected people and lack of controls of the different parasite transmission ways. At least 10000 people die every year from Chagas disease, and about 25 million people are in risk of acquiring the disease (WHO—neglected diseases, 2016).
Antimalarial and Other Antiparasitic Drugs
Published in Richard J. Sundberg, The Chemical Century, 2017
Chagas disease is caused by the protozoa T. cruzi. It is endemic in much of Central and South America and is also known as American Trypanosomiasis. The WHO estimated that in 2000 there were about 18 million infected people and about 20,000 deaths annually. It is considered third in significance, behind malaria and schistosomiasis, among the parasitic diseases of the world. The disease is seen occasionally in the United States, mainly in immigrants from endemic areas. It is associated with poverty and poor housing. Efforts to eliminate the disease have made progress, and it has largely been eliminated in Uruguay, Chile, and Brazil. The highest level of infection is in Bolivia (6–7%), while in Central American countries, it is 2–3%.
Straight outta the tropics: pathological features of techno-scientific promises in neglected tropical disease research
Published in Tapuya: Latin American Science, Technology and Society, 2020
Chagas disease is an infectious disease endemic to the Americas. The disease has been in the TDR scope since 1977 but only made it to the WHO list of neglected tropical diseases in 2006. Currently, there are 7–10 million individuals affected by Chagas disease globally, and its incidence in traditionally endemic countries, such as Argentina or Brazil, may be close to two million infected individuals, respectively (PAHO 2017; 2019; WHO 2020). However, difficulties inherent in detection could lead to an underestimation of its global magnitude, which has also extended by recent migratory flows between Latin America and developed countries (Eurosurveillance 2011; Hotez et al. 2013).