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Healthcare Applications in Industries
Published in Sandeep Misra, Chandana Roy, Anandarup Mukherjee, Introduction to Industrial Internet of Things and Industry 4.0, 2021
Sandeep Misra, Chandana Roy, Anandarup Mukherjee
In the last few years, the healthcare industry has faced many challenges due to an increase in population, aging-related problems, an increase in various types of diseases, and a simultaneous increase in the demands of people/patients. Some of the biggest challenges in the healthcare industry are as follows: Avoidable medical errors: The commonly occurring medical errors are drug overdose, a wrong drug given to patients, the wrong combination of drugs, and adverse reactions to drugs. The appropriate medicine and proper dosage taken at the proper intervals, as suggested by the doctor, is important. The adverse reaction of patients to drugs may have minor or major after-effects on the patient. Further, drug overdose or an inappropriate combination may cause permanent damage to any organ or may even result in death. Similarly, as an example, the appropriate amount of oxygen supply to be provided to any newborn baby is to be maintained carefully by the medical experts. Overdose of oxygen supply may have toxic effects on the babies.Increasing age of population: The major cause of the increase in the aging population is the change in the causes leading to death, such as infections and chronic non-communicable diseases. The most frequently occurring age-related diseases are diabetes, arthritis, heart diseases, hypertension, and cancer. With the increase in the diverse form of diseases, certain challenges such as lack of availability of expert care-givers as per patient's disease, shortage of family care-givers, scarcity of healthcare professionals, and scarcity of resources are now crucial challenges in long-term healthcare.Costly hospitals and clinics: In the last few decades, there have been many new developments in the field of medical science. There are medicines and surgeries, which now promise a cure to complicated diseases, which was previously incurable. However, these medical solutions are quite expensive. The factors responsible for the rise in costs of drugs, pathological tests, and surgeries are the increase in population, rise in the aging population, type of care given to the patients, and increase in the chronic illnesses among various age groups.Steady rate of increase in research: The new findings in medical science take a long time for acceptance and to be available to human patients. Medical practitioners mostly suggest the medicines which are long-term in practice and given to patients over extended time-period. Therefore, the development of a new drug is risky, expensive, and a long-term process [193].
A brief introduction to nomography: graphical representation of mathematical relationships
Published in International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology, 2019
Examination of the nomograph, by considering isopleths radiating from, say, a given weight shows how height enters into the relation, and vice versa, while also providing numeric data. While it might be considered that the BMI is a relatively trivial nomographic application, a recent extended BMI nomograph provides corrections to the possibility of drug overdose for obese children [25]. Indeed, the problems of incorrect dosage in hospitals are matters of great concern [26,27], with nomographs providing a reliable means for dosage calculation in a clinical situation.