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Wastewater Treatment
Published in Suresh C. Ameta, Rakshit Ameta, Garima Ameta, Sonochemistry, 2018
Arpita Pandey, Arpita Paliwal, Rakshit Ameta
Dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) is a simulant for nerve CWAs. The role of 20 kHz US in photocatalytic oxidation of DMMP was studied in a batch reactor by Chen et al. (2003). It was observed that DMMP did not undergo mineralization under low-frequency (20 kHz) ultrasonic irradiation. An increase in the rate of DMMP photocatalytic mineralization in the presence of US was achieved. It was not due to deagglomeration of titania, but it was associated with an enhanced mass transport of reagents. Similar intermediate products were detected in both photocatalytic and sonophotocatalytic degradations. Apparent rate constants of DMMP mineralization increase under sonication in all stages. A reaction route for DMMP mineralization under US was found to be without intermediate products. Such a behaviour was attributed to enabling mass transport of DMMP into micropores and to the surface of TiO2.
Inhibiting effects of three phosphates on coal spontaneous combustion
Published in International Journal of Coal Preparation and Utilization, 2022
Xinran Hou, Liwen Guo, Fusheng Wang
The study of P-containing flame retardant has recently received more and more extensive attention due to its efficiency, environment-friendliness, and affordability. Many studies report that P-containing flame retardant such as red phosphorus (Braun and Schartel 2004; Du, Qu, and Xu 2006; Laoutid et al. 2003), sodium phosphate, hypophosphite (Chen, Ma, and Jiao 2016; Modesti et al. 2008; Xu et al. 2015; Yan et al. 2014; Zhao et al. 2011), dimethyl methylphosphonate (Feng and Qian 2014; Mi, Xie, and Du 2013), etc., is a type of flame-resistant material for the fire of polyurethane and other polymer materials. These researches suggest that P-containing flame retardant can simultaneously retardant fire of polymer combustion in physical and chemical effects. Moreover, most of the P-containing flame retardants are readily available and very cheap. Therefore, it is very necessary and meaningful to study P-containing flame retardants on CSC. In this study, three inhibitors were selected and their inhibiting effects on CSC were studied.
Dimethyl Methylphosphonate for the Suppression of Coal Spontaneous Combustion
Published in Combustion Science and Technology, 2023
Fusheng Wang, Meng Sun, Jiantao Wang
Organophosphorus flame retardants are important environmentally friendly inhibitors that have been widely used in rigid polyurethane foam, polyolefins, polyurethane, polyamides, polyester, polystyrene, and other organic polymer materials (Hu, Wang, Cheng 2016; Liang et al. 2021; Ma et al. 2007; Yuan et al. 2012). Dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP), an organophosphorus flame retardant, generates little smoke, is not corrosive, and is inexpensive. Coal is similar to organic polymers in that it is an organic macromolecular compound mainly composed of C, H, O, N, and other elements. To the best of our knowledge, DMMP has not been applied as a coal oxidation inhibitor. In this study, the inhibition of coal spontaneous combustion by DMMP was evaluated.
Recent advances in neuromorphic transistors for artificial perception applications
Published in Science and Technology of Advanced Materials, 2023
In daily life and industrial environment, the detection of nerve agents is extremely important for safety. Yoo et al. [123] reported a bionic human olfactory receptor (hOR)-based on single-walled carbon nanotube-field effect transistor (SWCNT-FET) for the detection of dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP), a structural simulant of sarin and a chemical warfare agent (CWA). HOR2T7-conjugated bioelectronic nose (hOR2T7 B-nose) was proposed to selectively and sensitively detect the DMMP. Thus, SWCNT-FET can convert biological signals of hORs into electrical signals with high sensitivity. The results showed that DMMP with a concentration of 10 fM can be detected in hOR2T7B-nose. The target molecule was distinguished from an odor molecule with smoky smell. The results imply that the B-nose technology can be used for early response to nerve gas attacks in various situations, including terrorism and military threats, and so on. Besides, most of the existing transistor-based gas sensors use unipolar transistors, which usually have only one single response to gas detection and cannot detect multiple gases. Ambipolar transistors provide possibilities for highly selective sensing because of two types of charge carriers involved in the operation. Zhou et al. [59] demonstrated a high-performance gas sensor based on an ambipolar OFET fabricated with a 2,5-bis(4-biphenylyl) bithiophene (BP2T) and copper hexadecafluorophthalocyanine (F16CuPc) bilayer. The ambipolar transistor possesses great advantages of multi-parameter, high output signal and better stability compared to unipolar transistors. It demonstrates clear dual responses based on current signal to several gases, from oxidative to reductive gases, including NO2, NH3, H2S and SO2, exhibiting highly selective and sensitive gas detection.