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Dieldrin
Published in Philip H. Howard, Edward M. Michalenko, William F. Jarvis, Dipak K. Basu, Gloria W. Sage, William M. Meylan, Julie A. Beauman, D. Anthony Gray, Handbook of Environmental FATE and EXPOSURE DATA, 2017
Philip H. Howard, Edward M. Michalenko, William F. Jarvis, Dipak K. Basu, Gloria W. Sage, William M. Meylan, Julie A. Beauman, D. Anthony Gray
Summary: Dieldrin has been used extensively in the past as an insecticide for com and for termite control, although it is no longer registered for general use. Dieldrin is extremely persistent, but it is known to slowly photorearrange to photodieldrin (water half-life - 4 months). Dieldrin release to soil will persist for long periods (> 7 yr), will reach the air either through slow evaporation or adsorption on dust particles and subsequent suspension in air. It will not leach into ground water, and will reach surface water mostly through agricultural runoff. Once dieldrin reaches surface waters, it will adsorb strongly to sediments, bioconcentrate in fish and slowly photodegrade. Biodegradation and hydrolysis are unimportant processes. Fate of dieldrin in the atmosphere is unknown but monitoring data has demonstrated that it can be carried long distances. Measured data demonstrate that dieldrin continues to be a contaminant in air, water, sediment, soil, fish, and other aquatic organisms, wildlife, foods, and humans. Human exposure appears to come mostly from food.
Urban Sources of Micropollutants: from the Catchment to the Lake
Published in Nathalie Chèvre, Andrew Barry, Florence Bonvin, Neil Graham, Jean-Luc Loizeau, Hans-Rudolf Pfeifer, Luca Rossi, Torsten Vennemann, Micropollutants in Large Lakes, 2018
Jonas Margot, Luca Rossi, D. A. Barry
Several “old” generation pesticides, which are more hydrophobic with log KOW values from 3.6 to 6.2 (e.g., dieldrin, DDT, endosulfan, heptachlor) were classified as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the Stockholm Convention owing to their persistence in the environment, their accumulation in living organisms and their toxicity to humans and wildlife. Utility of these pesticides is now banned or strongly limited in many countries since the convention was adopted in May 2004. Their concentrations in raw municipal wastewater in 2001-2003 in Greece were on average between 10 to 50 ng l−1, mostly (50-80%) associated with particles (Katsoyiannis and Samara, 2005).
The Chemical Technology of Wool Finishing
Published in Menachem Lewin, Stephen B. Sello, Handbook of Fiber Science and Technology: Chemical Processing of Fibers and Fabrics, 2018
Trevor Shaw, Max A. White, L. Benisek, M. A. Rushforth, J. R. Christoe, I. M. Russell
Recently, dieldrin has come under severe pressure from environmentalists, and its use in mothproofing has declined almost to zero, even in countries where there is no legislation against it. Dieldrin is not only highly toxic to mammals and aquatic life; it also persists in the environment. However, dieldrin-based mothproofing agents had the great advantage of being cheap and so were widely used.
Diffusion–advection process modeling of organochlorine pesticides in rivers
Published in Journal of Applied Water Engineering and Research, 2023
S. Cardenas, A. Márquez, E. Guevara
The novelties and objectives presented in this manuscript consist of the following aspects: (1) spatio-temporal modeling of eight organochlorine pesticides non-conservatives that include DDTs (p.p’-DDT, o.p’-DDT, p.p’-DDD, p.p’-DDE, o.p’-DDE) and DRINs (Aldrin, Dieldrin and Endrin). (2) Determination of physical, chemical, and biochemical parameters of advection–diffusion models for the Organochloride Pesticides (OCPs), such as diffusion–advection coefficients, kinetic coefficients of biodegradation, and partition coefficients in the water/solid interface. The experimental evidence that gives support to the proposed models for the biochemical transformation processes of organic compounds is derived from studies on new anaerobic reactors in the category of attached growth system on a support medium (Maldonado-Maldonado et al. 2018a, 2018b, 2020), and suspended growth systems experimented under different combination of oxic, anoxic, and anaerobic phases (Freytez et al. 2019a, 2019b, 2019c, 2019d).
Application of the QuEChERS method for the determination of pesticides, PAHs and PCBs in fish in Senegal
Published in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 2022
Cheikh Tidiane Dione, Olivier Delhomme, Ibrahima Diagne, Cheikhna Diebakate, Birame Ndiaye, Dame Cisse, Maoudo Hane, Mame Mor Dione, Sitor Diouf, Abdoulaye Diop, Momar Ndiaye, Maurice Millet
Dicofol is present in all species and shows a high value of 17.97 ng g−1. This value exceeds the MRL which is 10 ng g−1. Deltamethrin is also detected in all species with high values varying between 15.71 (Sj) and 38.63 ng g−1 (Ll). Irgarol and Malathion are present in all species with levels varying between 12.04 and 16.79 ng g−1. These levels also exceed the limit allowed in fish, which is 10 ng g−1.[35] Dicofol, malathion, deltamethrin and irgarol have the highest levels in all species. The maximum levels for the latters, which are respectively 17.97, 16.74, 17.54 and 12.37 ng g−1, explain their bioavailability and their significant bioaccumulation of these organic pollutants. So, these levels exceed the limit allowed in fish, which is 10 ng g−1.[35] The contents of alachlor, atrazine, acetochlor, and dichlorvos do not exceed the reference value. It is the same for aldrin, dieldrin, p,p’-DDT and p,p’-DDE. However, terbutryn and heptachlor are not quantified in the studied species.
The effects of the use of organochlorine and organophosphate pesticides in agriculture and households on water and sediment pollution in the Cikeruh River, Indonesia
Published in International Journal of River Basin Management, 2022
Katharina Oginawati, Anindyta Nursilmi Kahfa, Septian Hadi Susetyo
Pesticides play an essential role in producing high productivity in agriculture as pest control. However, pesticides are as poisonous as heavy metals, which can affect organisms' health (Oginawati et al., 2020). The use of pesticides in the agricultural environment affects pests and other organisms (Mahmood et al., 2016). The concentration of pesticides can last for several decades and accumulate (Mrema et al., 2013). Pesticide accumulation can then flow into the water system and can be dangerous to the environment (Mahmood et al., 2016). Widespread use of pesticides can spread and affect even remote areas. For example, DDT has been found in remote areas such as the North Pole and Antarctica (Corsolini, et al., 2011). Organochlorines include various chemicals such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and different pesticides, of which DDT was the most famous example (Corsolini, et al., 2011). Examples of other organochlorine insecticides are Lindane, Aldrin, Heptachlor, Dieldrin, DDT, Endrin, and Endosulfan. These chemicals are very persistent in the environment, for example, DDT has a half-life of up to 30 years (Bassig et al., 2020). Organophosphate pesticides include Diazinon, chlorpyrifos, malathion, Fenitrothion, Parathion, Methidathion, Profenofos. Organophosphate pesticides can inhibit acetylcholinesterase, which causes neurotoxicity (Naughton et al., 2018).