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Toxicological Chemistry of Chemical Substances
Published in Stanley E. Manahan, Environmental Chemistry, 2022
The dichlorobenzenes are irritants that affect the same organs as monochlorobenzene. Some animal tests have suggested that 1,2-dichlorobenzene is a potential cancer-causing substance. Para-dichlorobenzene (1,4-dichlorobenzene), a chemical used in air fresheners and mothballs, has been known to cause profuse rhinitis (running nose), nausea, jaundice, liver cirrhosis, and weight loss associated with anorexia. It is not known to be a carcinogen. Its major urinary metabolite is 2,5-dichlorophenol, which is eliminated principally as the glucuronide or sulfate.
Organic Chemicals
Published in William J. Rea, Kalpana D. Patel, Reversibility of Chronic Disease and Hypersensitivity, Volume 4, 2017
William J. Rea, Kalpana D. Patel
Dichlorobenzenes are 1,2; 1,3; and 1,4 forms and 20:1 ratio of indoor to outdoor pollutant. Dichlorobenzene is used as an intermediate in deodorants, disinfectants, insecticides, fumigants, metal polishes, moth proofing, lacquers, and paint products. Lower concentrations will cause mucous membrane irritation, while higher levels produce nausea, anemia, jaundice, and headaches. Long-term exposure is associated with hepatic necrosis and cirrhosis. Ten percent of 500 chemically sensitive patients surveyed at the EHC-Dallas had this substance in their blood. It composed a significant part of their total body load (burden).
Polymers
Published in Bryan Ellis, Ray Smith, Polymers, 2008
Polymer Solutions Dilute: Reduced viscosity 0.044-0.049 dl g-1 (DMF/H2O (90:10), 35° , p-cresol, concentration 1.15-2.14%) [14], 0.086-0.075 dl g-1 (pyridine, 35 °, p-cresol, concentration 2.14-1.15%) [14], 0.108-0.141 dl g-1 (piperidine, 35° , p-cresol, concentration 2.14-1.15% [14]. Viscosity 0.065-0.072 dl g1 (DMF/H2O (90:10), 35° , m-cresol) [14], 0.028-0.036 dl g1 (DMF/ H2O (90:10), 35° , o-cresol) [14], 0.043-0.048 dl g-1 (2-butanone, 35° , o-cresol) [14], 0.029-0.04 dl g1 (2-butanone, 35 ° , p-cresol) [14]. Theta temp. 119.2° (1,2-dichlorobenzene, o-cresol [16])
Chlorobenzene and 1, 4-dichlorobenzene adsorption studies on θ-Arsenene nanosheet – a first-principles analysis
Published in Molecular Physics, 2021
V. Nagarajan, R. Chandiramouli
The trade waste and domestic discharges lead to a wide range of inorganic and organic constituents in sewage. Moreover, a lot of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are produced from sediments and sewage. The VOCs are evolved into the air through sewer headspace by convective mass transfer and diffusion. Hence, numerous VOCs are emitted through sewer headspace. E. C. Sivret et al. [29] reported the odorants emitted from sewer headspace, which leads to harmful effects to humans, animals, and the environment. Some of the prominent VOCs emitted from sewer are halogenated hydrocarbon namely, chlorobenzene and 1, 4-dichlorobenzene. The PEL (permissible exposure limit) of chlorobenzene is 75 ppm (350 mg/m3) according to NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health) [30]. However, for 1,4-dichlorobenzene PEL limit is 75 ppm (450 mg/m3) with regard to NIOSH [31]. Besides, exposure to chlorobenzene results in cyanosis, numbness, hyperesthesia, and muscle spasms. Furthermore, the higher exposure of 1.4 dichlorobenzene leads to headache, dizziness, eye swellings, nausea, and vomiting. Hence, there is a need to detect the presence of halogenated hydrocarbon from the sewer. In the proposed work, we studied the utilisation of θ-arsenene nanosheet (θ-AsNS) as a chemical sensor to detect the presence of chlorobenzene and 1,4 dichlorobenzene.