China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Sustainability of the Tire Industry: Through a Material Approach
Published in Neha Kanwar Rawat, Tatiana G. Volova, A. K. Haghi, Applied Biopolymer Technology and Bioplastics, 2021
Sanjit Das, Hirak Satpathi, S. Roopa, Saikat Das Gupta
Tran et al. [121] have worked with red beetroot which contain a specific antioxidant called betanin. They have incorporated this beetroot powder into a starch-based elastomer to obtain flexible bio-composites with tunable antioxidant properties. This smart bio elastomer composite can find its application in the field of pharmaceutical and food packaging. Most of the thiuram, those are used as accelerators for rubber industries are not environment friendly. They release carcinogenic nitrosamine during the heating. TBzTD (tetrabezylthiuram disulfide) has come to the market with the prospect of minimizing risk of using conventional thiurams. Metal salt of sorbic acid and ferulic acid has been introduced by Lin and his group [122]. Zinc salt of these acids is found to be a suitable crosslinking agent for ENR/silica composites. There has been noticeable increase of abrasion resistance in case of zinc salt of ferulic acid. Garlic and related genus allium plants are a good source of organic sulfur. This diallyl disulfide can be strong contender for replacing common sulfur in rubber compounding [123, 124].
A Short Overview on Anti-Diabetic Natural Products: Reviewing the Herbotherapeutic Potentials
Published in Debarshi Kar Mahapatra, Cristóbal Noé Aguilar, A. K. Haghi, Natural Products Pharmacology and Phytochemicals for Health Care, 2021
Mojabir Hussen Ansari, Debarshi Kar Mahapatra
Allium sativum is a species of onion and is commonly called as Garlic, family Liliaceae (Figure 1.5). It is mainly incorporated in spicy flavoring agent since ancient times. It is mainly produced in Central Asia, Southern Europe, the USA, and India. It requires a well-drained climatic condition during growth. The bulb of garlic is white to pink in color having an aromatic or pungent taste. Oral ingestion of garlic extract and oil are very effective in lowering blood sugar concentration with effectiveness as compare closely to drug tolbutamide. Allicin (diallyl disulfide-oxide) and S-allyl cysteine sulfoxide (the precursor of garlic oil) are the main bioactive component which is important for anti-diabetic activity. It facilitates insulin production as well as increase liver glycogen synthesis. Other than the above bioactive component garlic also contains 29% carbohydrate, 56% protein (albumin), 0.1% fat and mucilage, and 0.1% volatile oil. A chief active constituent is allyl propyl disulfide, diallyl disulfide, alliin, and allicin. Raw garlic has a beneficial effect on reversing proteinuria as well as reducing blood sugar. The extraction of garlic in ethanol also shows significantly anti-diabetic activity. It is considered as an expectorant, stimulant, carminative, and antipyretic. Garlic also shows anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, and anti-hypertensive activity. It is also implied to treat eczema as well as in hyperlipidemia [25–29].
Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals: An Overview of the Clinical Outcomes and Evidence-Based Archive
Published in Bhaskar Mazumder, Subhabrata Ray, Paulami Pal, Yashwant Pathak, Nanotechnology, 2019
Manjir Sarma Kataki, Ananya Rajkumari, Bibhuti Bhusan Kakoti
Garlic and other allium vegetables (e.g., onions) are known for their medicinal properties in various illness conditions. These vegetables are reported to be protective against diseases including CVD, diabetes, infections, and cancer. Several organosulfur compounds (OSCs) are found in these vegetables which are known to be responsible for their medicinal properties. Mostly all these phyto-compounds are water soluble, which further enhances their actions. These compounds include allicin, diallyl sulfide (DAS), diallyl disulfide (DADS), diallyl trisulfide (DATS), diallyl tetrasulfide, as well as S-allylcysteine (SAC), or S-allylmercaptocysteine (SAMC). DATS is the most promising and medicinally active constituent among all the allium phyto-compounds, as suggested by a plethora of research studies. DATS demonstrated significant chemo-preventive efficacy via various mechanisms, as elucidated in many clinical settings which include cell cycle arrest, inhibition of angiogenesis, induction of apoptosis, and suppression of oncogenic signaling (Pinto and Rivlin, 1999; You et al., 1989).
Novel nondestructive NMR method aided by artificial neural network for monitoring the flavor changes of garlic by drying
Published in Drying Technology, 2021
Yanan Sun, Min Zhang, Ronghua Ju, Arun Mujumdar
Garlic powder, as a kind of functional health care product, has attracted the attention of domestic and foreign researchers. At present, there are two main ways to process garlic powder: crushing after drying (commonly used in garlic processing) and spray drying. Garlic drying has a great influence on the flavor and nutritional quality of the product. Among them, allicin contains unstable disulfide bonds, which can be decomposed into various sulfur compounds under the action of heat, light, or organic solvents to form the characteristic odor of garlic, and the degradation products mainly include diallyl disulfide, diallyl sulfide, and diallyl trisulfide. Many studies have shown that allicin in garlic can be well retained by low-temperature hot drying. Ratti et al.[15] have proven that the retention of allicin was relatively high when using low-temperature (50 °C) hot air drying, which is similar to the vacuum freeze-drying. However, due to the disadvantages of long-time and high-energy consumption of hot air drying and freeze drying, mid-shortwave infrared drying (MSWID) and microwave vacuum drying (MVD) were selected as the drying methods to reduce the drying time and energy consumption while maintaining the flavor to the greatest extent.
Inverse vulcanization of sulfur with vinylic POSS
Published in Journal of Sulfur Chemistry, 2019
Rafał Anyszka, Marcin Kozanecki, Anna Czaderna, Magdalena Olejniczak, Jan Sielski, Mariusz Siciński, Mateusz Imiela, Jakub Wręczycki, Dominik Pietrzak, Tomasz Gozdek, Michał Okraska, Małgorzata I. Szynkowska, Piotr Malinowski, Dariusz M. Bieliński
Recently synthesis of sulfur-based polymers and composites has drawn a significant attention. The topic has been studied for over 50 years, but it gained a new recognition in 2013 when Pyun et al. described favorable economic situation along with unique properties of new sulfur-organic copolymers synthesized by the reaction between sulfur and 1,3-diisopropenylbenzene (poly(S-r-DIB)) [1]. Such reaction was described as inverse vulcanization due to its contrary nature in comparison to classic rubber vulcanization with a use of a relatively small amount of sulfur. Although this is not the only pathway to synthesize sulfur/organic copolymers [2–4], its simplicity and sustainable character (no solvents required) resulted in attracting great attention. The sulfur-organic copolymers exhibit unique optical properties being transparent in a wide range of infrared spectra simultaneously having a relatively high refractive index and thermally or mechanically induced-healing performance [5–8]. They also seem to be a very promising material for lithium–sulfur battery cathodes producing, exhibiting very high charge capacity [9,10]. Since then, the development of sulfur-based copolymers and composites has reached its own momentum resulting in many articles [11–15]. The copolymers were tested as a promising matrix for composites [16–18], functional materials for removing toxic heavy-metals contamination from the natural environment [19–22]. Kloo et al. utilized the poly(S-r-DIB) copolymers as solid electrolytes in dye-sensitized solar cells [23]. Alhassan et al. synthesized sulfur-rich copolymers exhibiting highly elastic performance using diallyl disulfide as an organic comonomer instead of 1,3-diisopropenylbenzene [24]. Recently, we tested the application of some sulfur-organic copolymers as curatives for elastomer mixes resulting in a considerable decrease of the glass transition temperature of the vulcanizates [25].
A study to identify S-S and S-S-S bonds in organic compounds by mass spectrometry and ultraviolet and Raman spectroscopy techniques
Published in Journal of Sulfur Chemistry, 2019
Mohammad Soleiman-Beigi, Elahe Ghiasbeigi
When several sulfur atoms exist in organic compounds, each with their three abundant isotopes, 32S, 33S and 34S, characteristic isotopic patterns are observed. For example, the isotopic abundances of sulfur in the S–S bond give the isotopic pattern 64S2, 65S2, 66S2 and 68S2 with abundances of 100, 1.60, 9.05 and 0.2, respectively. Moreover, trisulfide has an isotopic pattern of 96S3, 97S3, 98S3, 99S3 and 100S3 with abundances of 100, 2.40, 13.58, 0.22 and 0.6. Isotopes of di- and trisulfide have molecular ions [M]+, [M + 1]+ and [M + 2]+ [24]. As can deduced from previous studies, MS, low-resolution MS (LRMS) (EI) and gas chromatography (GC)–MS analysis were done in accordance to the molecular ions of [M]+, ([M]+, [M + 1]+) and ([M]+, [M + 2]+), respectively (Table 4). The molecular ion pattern in the MS and GC-MS analysis of di- and trisulfide in the absence of an electron-withdrawing group discloses that: MS analysis of diethyl disulfide, di-n-propyl disulfide, diallyl disulfide, diethyl trisulfide, di-n-propyl trisulfide and diallyl trisulfide disclosed some specific molecular ions and abundances at 122 (M+,100)-182 (M+,100) and 178 (M+,24.0) m/z (Entries 1 and 6, Table 4) [25,26].MS (EI) and high-resolution MS (EI) spectrometry of bis(isopropyl) disulfide and diphenyl disulfide was observed with molecular ions [182 (17), 182.0254] and [218 (100), 218.0222]; (Entries 7 and 8, Table 4). Moreover, LRMS (EI) spectrometry analysis of didecyl disulfide and bis(4-methoxyphenyl) disulfide show ions at [346 [M]+ (87.5), 347 [M + 1]+ (25.4)] and [278 [M]+ (51.7), 279 [M + 1]+ (9.8)], respectively (Entries 9 and 10, Table 4) [27].The molecular ions and abundances in the GC–MS spectrometry analysis for di-t-butyl disulfide are at 180 [M + 2]+ (1), 178 [M]+ (12), di-t-butyl trisulfide 212 [M + 2]+ (15), 210 [M]+ (100) and di-t-butyl tetrasulfide 244 [M + 2]+ (4), 242 [M]+ (20) (Entries 11–13, Table 4) [28,29].