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Engineering Aspects of WFI Systems Design
Published in Kenneth E. Avis, Sterile Pharmaceutical Products, 2018
Deionized water is produced by passing treated water through either a mixed bed or a two-bed cation/anion exchange resin system. The resulting water is deionized because hydrogen ions replace cations and hydroxyl ions replace anions. Many methods are used to regenerate the resins, and the resins are reused as many times as possible to reduce the cost of operation. When properly operated, regenerated, and maintained, these units can work quite nicely in a water pretreatment scheme and do not harbor and generate the bacterial particles for which they are notorious.
The use of high voltage discharge in treatment of water saturated with air bubbles
Published in Mohamad Al Ali, Peter Platko, Advances and Trends in Engineering Sciences and Technologies III, 2019
M.Ju. Andrianova, D.A. Korotkov, S.V. Korotkov, G.L. Spichkin
Deionized water and tap water were used as model solutions. Deionized water was obtained using distillation, ion exchange and carbon filters with final control of water purity by its specific electric conductivity (SEC).
An extraction-based facile method for measuring the solubility of organic solid compounds in supercritical carbon dioxide
Published in Chemical Engineering Communications, 2023
Jian-Lei Qi, Qin-Qin Xu, Jian-Fei Sun, Dan Zhou, Jian-Zhong Yin
Cu(acac)2 and Co(acac)2 (both analytically pure and 97%) were purchased from Shanghai Aladdin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd. Pure CO2 (> 99.99%) was purchased from Dalian JunFeng Gas Co., Ltd. Deionized water was obtained by reverse osmosis and subsequent ion exchange. Ethanol (EtOH, analytically pure, > 99.5%) was purchased from Tianjin Fuyu Fine Chemical Co., Ltd. All materials were used without further purification.