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Soil-Release Finishes
Published in Menachem Lewin, Stephen B. Sello, Handbook of Fiber Science and Technology: Chemical Processing of Fibers and Fabrics, 2018
It was recognized several decades ago that textile finishes affect soiling and soil removal. In 1948 the U.S. Department of Agriculture sponsored research at the Institute of Textile Technology in Virginia by Utermohlen and co-workers [91]. Utermohlen [45] concluded that neutral vinyl polymers retained soil during laundering, but polymers containing carboxylate groups aided soil removal. Berch et al. [71] reported, however, that fabrics treated with acrylic finishes containing about 10% methacrylic acid retained more soil than untreated cotton. Finishing cotton with SCMC reduced soil retention. Beninate and co-workers [92] included SCMC in cross-linking” formulations of cotton to improve wet soil resistance and soil removal. Caldwell and Gilkey [93] reduced soiling of polyester fabric with an antistat consisting of polyacrylic acid cross-linked with 2,4-tolylenediisocyanate and a polyol, for example, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol. The Deering Milliken Research Corp. applied for a patent on soil repellent containing a resin and a maleic anhydride copolymer [94],
Health and Safety Information
Published in W. M. Haynes, David R. Lide, Thomas J. Bruno, CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 2016
W. M. Haynes, David R. Lide, Thomas J. Bruno
Name 2-Chloroethanol Chloroethene 1-Chloro-4-ethylbenzene 2-Chloroethyl vinyl ether 1-Chlorohexane Chloromethane (Chloromethyl)benzene 1-Chloro-3-methylbutane 2-Chloro-2-methylbutane 3-(Chloromethyl)heptane 1-Chloro-2-methylpropane 2-Chloro-2-methylpropane 3-Chloro-2-methylpropene 1-Chloronaphthalene 1-Chloro-4-nitrobenzene 1-Chloro-1-nitroethane 1-Chloro-1-nitropropane 2-Chloro-2-nitropropane 1-Chloro-4-nitro-2-(tri uoromethyl) benzene 1-Chlorooctane 1-Chloropentane 2-Chlorophenol 4-Chlorophenol 1-Chloropropane 2-Chloropropane 3-Chloropropanenitrile 2-Chloropropanoic acid 2-Chloro-1-propanol 1-Chloro-2-propanol 2-Chloropropene 3-Chloropropene Chlorotri uoroethene 1-Chloro-2-(tri uoromethyl)benzene o-Cresol m-Cresol p-Cresol Cyanamide Cyanogen Cyclobutane 1,5,9-Cyclododecatriene Cycloheptane Cyclohexane 1,4-Cyclohexanedimethanol Cyclohexanethiol Cyclohexanol Cyclohexanone Cyclohexene 3-Cyclohexene-1-carboxaldehyde Cyclohexyl acetate Cyclohexylamine Cyclohexylbenzene Cyclohexyl formate cis,cis-1,5-Cyclooctadiene Cyclopentane Cyclopentanol Cyclopentanone Cyclopentene Cyclopropane trans-Decahydronaphthalene Decane 1-Decanol 1-Decene Mol. form. C2H5ClO C2H3Cl C8H9Cl C4H7ClO C6H13Cl CH3Cl C7H7Cl C5H11Cl C5H11Cl C8H17Cl C4H9Cl C4H9Cl C4H7Cl C10H7Cl C6H4ClNO2 C2H4ClNO2 C3H6ClNO2 C3H6ClNO2 C7H3ClF3NO2 C8H17Cl C5H11Cl C6H5ClO C6H5ClO C3H7Cl C3H7Cl C3H4ClN C3H5ClO2 C3H7ClO C3H7ClO C3H5Cl C3H5Cl C2ClF3 C7H4ClF3 C7H8O C7H8O C7H8O CH2N2 C2N2 C4H8 C12H18 C7H14 C6H12 C8H16O2 C6H12S C6H12O C6H10O C6H10 C7H10O C8H14O2 C6H13N C12H16 C7H12O2 C8H12 C5H10 C5H10O C5H8O C5H8 C3H6 C10H18 C10H22 C10H22O C10H20 tb/ºC 126 -13.8 184.4 108 135.0 -24.1 174 99 85 171 69 50.9 72 259 238 124.5 142 142 232 183 107.9 173.4 219 46.2 35.0 175.5 185 133.5 124.4 23 44.8 -28.3 153 191.0 202.2 201.9 -21.1 12.5 240 118.8 80.7 283 158.8 160.9 155.4 82.9 164 174 133.6 239 162 149 49.2 140.4 130.5 44.2 -31 187.3 174.1 229 171
3D-VAT printing of nanocomposites by photopolymerisation processes using amino-meta-terphenyls as visible light-absorbing photoinitiators
Published in Virtual and Physical Prototyping, 2023
Filip Petko, Emilia Hola, Magdalena Jankowska, Alicja Gruchała-Hałat, Joanna Ortyl
As monomers for cationic polymerisation, 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl 3,4-epoxycyclohexanecarboxylate (CADE, Sigma-Aldrich), Tri(ethylene glycol)divinyl ether (TEGDVE, Sigma-Aldrich), 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol divinyl ether (1.4-CHMDE, BASF), 3-Ethyl-3-oxetanemethanol (S130, Lambson) were used. Trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA, AmBeed), Bisphenol A ethoxylate diacrylate (BEDA, Sigma-Aldrich) were used as monomers for free radical polymerisation experiments. Bis(4-t-butylphenyl)-iodonium hexafluorophosphate (IOD – Speedcure 938, Lambson Ltd), Ethyl 4-dimethylaminobenzoate (EDB, Alfa Aesar) and 2,4-Diethyl-9H-thioxanthen-9-one (THX, Sigma-Aldrich) were used as components of photoinitiating systems. Nanoparticles Aluminium oxide (Al2O3, Sigma Aldrich, nanopowder, 13 nm particle size) and Copper(II) oxide (CuO, Sigma Aldrich, nanopowder, <50 nm particle size) were used as filles for composites 3D-VAT printing. Structures of monomers and photoinitiating systems components are shown in Table S2 in Supporting Information.