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Fabrication Methods for RNA Nanoparticle Assembly Based on Bacteriophage Phi29 pRNA Structural Features
Published in Peixuan Guo, Kirill A. Afonin, RNA Nanotechnology and Therapeutics, 2022
Yi Shu, Hongzhi Wang, Bahar Seremi, Peixuan Guo
Whole chain labeling of pRNA: Bifunctional alkylating agents are known to promote crosslinking of DNA or RNA molecules. Using a similar strategy, post-transcriptional fluorescent labeling of the pRNA molecule was readily achieved using functionalized fluorophores, harboring a mono-alkylating reactive group, developed by Mirus (Label IT labeling reagent, Mirus). More recently, it was demonstrated that T7 RNA polymerase can be used for in vitro enzymatic fluorescent labeling of the RNA molecule using the new reagent tCTP (Stengel et al., 2010). Different T7 RNA polymerase mutants were constructed to recognize and permit the incorporation of 2-modified triphosphate ribonucleotide such as 2′-OMe, 2′-F, 2′-NH2, 2′-N3 into the RNA chain (Sousa and Padilla, 1995; Huang et al., 1997; Padilla and Sousa, 1999; Padilla and Sousa, 2002). Reactive functions (amino or azido) can be imagined to further conjugate to the RNA molecules. Alternatively, 2′-F pRNA molecules were constructed and shown to present an improved resistance to RNase degradation compared to unmodified RNA, when both pyrimidines were substituted by their 2′-F counterparts (Kawasaki et al., 1993; Shu et al., 2011a).
Synthesis, spectral characterization and biological investigation of new organoruthenium(II) complexes with N, X-donor (X = S, O) heterocyclic chelators
Published in Journal of Coordination Chemistry, 2023
Gobinath Eswaran, Dhatchinamoorthy Mari, Sabarinathan Devaraj, Kalaiarasi Giriraj
Cancer is the leading cause of death according to the World Health Organization (WHO), taking the lives of nearly ten million people in 2020 [1]. Cancer can develop at various sites in the living system, which makes its specific diagnosis and timely treatment difficult. Most cancers produce symptoms at later stages and hence the survival rate of persons diagnosed is low [2, 3]. Cancer is caused by a series of genetic mutations, which eventually disrupt the cell functions. Metal-based drugs like platinum serve as anticancer agents affecting the cancer cells and bringing about their death through either apoptosis or necrosis. Among them, cisplatin is the most widely used for treating various cancers such as testicular, ovarian, head, neck, bladder, lung, cervical, and several others. It has exhibited anti-neoplastic activity by crosslinking with DNA, blocking transcription and cell replication [4]. However, it has undesirable side effects like kidney problems, decreased immunity to infections, producing allergic reactions, gastrointestinal diseases, etc. [5]. Therefore, there is a need for new metallo-anticancer agents.
Retrieving high-quality genomic DNA from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues for multiple molecular analyses
Published in Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology, 2022
Ha Thi Nguyen, Vinay Bharadwaj Tatipamula, Duy Ngoc Do, Thien Chi Huynh, Mai Kim Dang
Isolation of high quality and quantity of genomic DNA (gDNA) is the crucial step of every diagnostic procedure.[2,3] Sample collection and preservation methods play vital roles since even small variations in these procedures may cause huge impacts on the quality and quantity of extracted DNA. Fresh and fresh-frozen samples are the best material for these studies, but their storage and delivery are expensive and cumbersome. For decades, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues have been widely used in pathology studies and represent the biggest source of available biological materials for genetic analysis.[1] Especially, in the case of rare diseases and many retrospective studies, FFPE tissues are irreplaceable available materials for DNA analysis.[4] Although this procedure well preserves tissue architecture, shape, and components of the cells, it may cause random breakages in gDNA sequences and the crosslinking of DNA and proteins that negatively impact on the quality of the obtained gDNA.[5–11] However, these crosslinks can be reversible and resolved by heat.[12,13] The RNA concentrations isolated from FFPE samples largely varied by samples and methods, with the overall yield ranging from 0 to 9 µg and found to be highly fragmented with the median size of 100–200 nucleotides.[14,15]
Antigenotoxic effects of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and its relationship with the endogenous antioxidant system, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine adduct repair (8-OHdG), and apoptosis in mice exposed to chromium(VI)
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 2021
María Del Carmen García-Rodríguez, Gabriela Serrano-Reyes, Lourdes Montserrat Hernández-Cortés, Mario Altamirano-Lozano
It is believed that SOD plays a major role in the first line treatment of antioxidant defense by catalyzing dismutation of •O2− radicals to form H2O2 and molecular oxygen O2 (Matés 2000). Treatment with CrO3 significantly decreased SOD activity, but when EGCG was administered prior to CrO3, these effects were attenuated. This fall in SOD might be attributed to utilization in the interaction with •O2− radicals which are formed in excess amounts during intracellular reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III). Alternatively, it may be related to inactivation of the enzyme by crosslinking or DNA damage by ROS. In contrast, Wei and Meng (2011) found that EGCG protects against oxidative damage in vitro by interacting with •O2− and another ROS. It is also possible that the antioxidant effects of EGCG acted directly against ROS generated by CrO3, which might have reduced the need for the production of GSH and restored SOD activity in the group treated with EGCG and CrO3.