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Biopolymer Composites and Nanocomposites for Corrosion Protection of Industrial Metal Substrates
Published in Hatem M.A. Amin, Ahmed Galal, Corrosion Protection of Metals and Alloys Using Graphene and Biopolymer Based Nanocomposites, 2021
Saviour A. Umoren, Moses M. Solomon
Corrosion, commonly defined as the deterioration of a material (usually a metal) or its properties because of a reaction with its environment, is a global problem. NACE International, The Corrosion Society, estimates that global corrosion and its consequences cost developed nations about 3–5% of GDP or GNP [1]. Methods commonly employed to combat corrosion include cathodic protection, materials selection, coatings and linings and corrosion inhibitors. Corrosion inhibitors form a layer over the metallic substrate and protect the metal from corrosion, thereby enhancing the life of the metal. Coatings designed for corrosion protection must offer an effective physical barrier, impeding the access of aggressive species to the metallic interface. For many years, the most effective corrosion protection systems were based on the use of chromate-rich surface treatments and/or primers and pigments based on chromates [2]. However, the current legislation imposed by REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals) prohibits the use of hexavalent chromium in almost all sectors except the aerospace industry [3]. Many alternatives have been explored so far, including a wide range of “green” surface treatments and pretreatments, environmentally safe pigments and natural corrosion inhibitors [4]. The latest developments propose coatings with low volatile organic compounds (VOCs), based on waterborne formulations and isocyanate-free compositions, as well as smart and self-healing polymers [4].
Corrosion
Published in Mavis Sika Okyere, Mitigation of Gas Pipeline Integrity Problems, 2020
The major industries using corrosion inhibitors are oil and gas exploration and production, petroleum refining, chemical manufacturing, heavy manufacturing, water treatment, and the product additive industries (NACE 2016).
Inhibitors for Rebars in Simulated Concrete Pore Solution: An Overview
Published in Susai Rajendran, Gurmeet Singh, Titanic Corrosion, 2019
Susai Rajendran, Gurmeet Singh
Corrosion behavior of various steel alloys in SCPS has been investigated in the presence and absence of inorganic and organic inhibitors. Usually mild steel, prestressed steel, galvanized steel, polycoated steel, and steel rebar have been used. Organic inhibitors, inorganic inhibitors, and natural products are used as inhibitors. Corrosion resistance of metals has been evaluated by the weight loss method, electrochemical studies such as polarization study, and AC impedance spectra, and the protective film formed on the metal surface has been analyzed by SEM, FTIR, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), AFM, and EDX. The protective film consists of a metal–inhibitor complex, calcium carbonate, and calcium hydroxide. Experiments can be carried out at room temperature and at various pH levels. Corrosion inhibitors form a protective layer on the steel surface and prevent corrosion. The metals used in SCPS, various methods employed, inhibitors used, and important findings by various researchers are summarized in Table 9.1.
Competent inhibitor for the corrosion of zinc in hydrochloric acid based on 2,6-bis-[1-(2-phenylhydrazono)ethyl]pyridine
Published in Chemical Engineering Communications, 2019
M. Abdallah, S. A. Ahmed, H. M. Altass, I. A. Zaafarany, M. Salem, A. I. Aly, E. M. Hussein
Zinc metal is used in many industrial applications such as the manufacture defensive coatings for steel, vehicle, shipbuilding industries, household electrical appliances, batteries and other light industries. HCl solutions are used for pickling and cleaning zinc surfaces, which are highly susceptible to corrosion when exposed to acid solutions, especially HCl. Corrosion inhibitors are used to reduce the aggressive attack of acid (Agrawel et al., 2004). The most common corrosion inhibitors are nitrogen-, oxygen-, and/or sulfur-based organic compounds. These compounds inhibit zinc corrosion in the acidic medium by absorption on the zinc surface (Troquet et al., 1981; Abdallah, 2003; Wang et al., 2003; El-Sherbini et al., 2005; Abdallah et al., 2009b; Abiola and James, 2010; Fouda et al., 2006, 2010; Shanbhag et al., 2011; Abdallah et al., 2011, 2012a, 2013b, 2014, 2016b; Suedile et al., 2014).
Advances in the development of rare earth metal and carboxylate compounds as corrosion inhibitors for steel
Published in Corrosion Engineering, Science and Technology, 2020
A. E. Somers, Y. Peng, A. L. Chong, M. Forsyth, D. R. MacFarlane, G. B. Deacon, A. E. Hughes, B. R. W. Hinton, J. I. Mardel, P. C. Junk
The most effective way to demonstrate corrosion inhibition performance is through the use of constant immersion corrosion tests. Optical images of AS 1020 mild steel specimens are shown in Figure 2 after immersion in a 0.01 M NaCl solution open to air for 168 h, with and without inhibitor and with either La(mbp)3 or Y(mbp)3 at a concentration of 0.25 mM [25].
Schiff bases: An overview of their corrosion inhibition activity in acid media against mild steel
Published in Chemical Engineering Communications, 2020
The corrosion inhibitor is a substance that drastically reduces the rate of corrosion of metals when added in small amounts to the respective corrosive medium. The added inhibitor compound control the rate of corrosion either by decreasing the rate of attack or by decreasing the probability of its occurrence or by doing both.