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Optimal Design to Customize Your Experiment
Published in Mark J. Anderson, Patrick J. Whitcomb, Martin A. Bezener, Formulation Simplified, 2018
Mark J. Anderson, Patrick J. Whitcomb, Martin A. Bezener
Cosmetic chemists needed help for an experiment to optimize foam height in a shampoo. They identified three key surfactants and specified constraints (in percentages by weight) on each of them, as follows: Triethanolamine (TEA)–Lauryl Sulfate: 20%–30%Cocamide DEA (diethanolamine): 1%–7%.Lauramide DEA: 1%–3%.
Specialty Silicone Conditioning Agents
Published in Randy Schueller, Perry Romanowski, Conditioning Agents for Hair and Skin, 2020
When salt (NaCl) was added to a test formulation consisting of sodium lauryl sulfate, cocamide DEA, and silicone quaternium 8, the presence of the silicone quat lowered the viscosity from a peak viscosity of 15,000 cps to about 8,000 cps. The percentage added salt to reach peak viscosity was not altered. To obtain viscosities above those shown using the silicone quat, alternative thickeners can be used. These include polyacrylates, guar gums, and xanthanes.
Risk assessment of N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) and N-nitrosodiethanolamine (NDELA) in cosmetics
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 2018
Duck Soo Lim, Tae Hyun Roh, Min Kook Kim, Yong Chan Kwon, Seul Min Choi, Seung Jun Kwack, Kyu Bong Kim, Sungpil Yoon, Hyung Sik Kim, Byung-Mu Lee
The potential adverse health hazards of nitrates, nitrites, DEA, TEA, NDELA, and NDEA require calculations of the degree of exposure to these compounds and their distribution in cosmetics. In this study, the cosmetic samples examined contained many nitrosating agents. Cocamide MEA, cocamide DEA, and lauramide DEA are fatty acid diethanolamides that may contain 4–33% DEA. Although these chemicals are used in cosmetics at levels ranging from <0.1% to 50%, most products contain from 1% to 25% diethanolamide (Fiume et al. 2013a, 2013b). Cocamide DEA, cocamide MEA, and other diethanolamides are mainly used as surfactant foam boosters or viscosity-increasing agents in cosmetics, although a few compounds were reported to be utilized as hair and skin conditioning agents, surfactant-cleansing, or surfactant-emulsifying agents (Fiume et al. 2013a, 2013b). TEA reportedly functions as a surfactant or pH adjuster. Related TEA-containing ingredients were noted to function as surfactants and hair or skin conditioning agents in cosmetics (Andersen 1999). The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel recommended that DEA, TEA, cocamide MEA, cocamide DEA, and TEA-containing ingredients should not be used in cosmetic products in which NDELA can form (Andersen 1999; Elder 1984; Fiume et al. 2013a, 2013b; Nohynek et al. 2010).