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Innovation and Challenges in the Development of Functional and Medicinal Beverages
Published in Debarshi Kar Mahapatra, Cristóbal Noé Aguilar, A. K. Haghi, Natural Products Pharmacology and Phytochemicals for Health Care, 2021
Dayang Norulfairuz Abang Zaidel, Ida Idayu Muhamad, Zanariah Hashim, Yanti Maslina Mohd Jusoh, Eraricar Salleh
Vitamin D is abundant consists of dairy foods and beverages. It presents in nature in several forms, which are Vitamin D2 and Vitamin D3. The dietary vitamin D occurs predominantly in animal products with a very small amount gained from plant sources. Vitamin D2 or ergocalciferol is produced by the ultraviolet irradiation of ergosterol. This vitamin is widely distributed in plants and fungi. Vitamin D3, also known as cholecalciferol, is derived from ultraviolet irradiation of 7-dehydrocholesterol and can be found in the skin of animals, including humans. Human requirements for this vitamin are obtained both from the endogenous production in the skin and from dietary sources [127]. Vitamin D is essential for the formation of teeth and bones. It helps the body to absorb and use calcium in an effective manner [33].
Medium Design for Cell Culture Processing
Published in Wei-Shou Hu, Cell Culture Bioprocess Engineering, 2020
Vitamin D is a group of related compounds naturally synthesized in humans and other mammals from cholesterol (called cholecalciferol). It becomes deficient under conditions of low exposure to sunlight in the UV spectra range. The photoactivation reaction completes the last step of vitamin D3 synthesis. Individuals with low UV exposure must obtain it from dietary sources. Vitamin D3 is a classical hormone that regulates the transcription of a variety of genes in a tissue-specific manner. At the whole-body level, vitamin D regulates the homeostasis of calcium and phosphorus through its effects on their tissue uptake. It is supplemented to cultures for the purpose of modulating the differentiation process or cells’ differentiated properties. At high doses, vitamin D inhibits cell growth.
Preparation and in vivo pharmacokinetic evaluation of stable microemulsion system of cholecalciferol
Published in Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 2020
Myoung J. Ho, Sung H. Im, Hoe T. Jeong, Hyung T. Kim, Jeong E. Lee, Dong H. Won, Sun W. Jang, Myung J. Kang
Vitamin D3 (also called cholecalciferol, Vit D3) supplementation is essential to maintain bone health, preventing bone mass loss and structural deterioration of bone tissue.[1,2] This vital prohormone is converted into 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 via 25-hydroxylases in the liver, which is then converted to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (calcitriol) in the kidney.[3,4] Calcitriol, the active hormone, regulates intestinal absorption of calcium ion and stimulates bone resorption, leading to maintenance of serum calcium concentration.[5] Currently, Vit D3 is commonly administered orally in the form of conventional tablet or capsule. It is occasionally supplied by intramuscular injection in oily solution form.[6,7] Given that Vit D3 supplementation is essential, especially for the elderly, oral liquid dosage form can be an alternative for patients who have difficulty in swallowing. However, Vit D3, a fat-soluble prohormone, has extremely low solubility in aqueous solution (0.0001 μg/ml in distilled water at 20 °C),[8] making it difficult to formulate an oral liquid form. Moreover, Vit D3 undergoes extensive degradation into tachysterol D3, lumisterol D3, and other hydroxylated degradants in aqueous media under hydrolytic, oxidative, thermal, and photolytic conditions.[9]
Vitamin D supplementation alters the expression of genes associated with hypertension and did not induce DNA damage in rats
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 2019
Carla Da Silva Machado, Alexandre Ferro Aissa, Diego Luis Ribeiro, Lusânia Maria Greggi Antunes
Vitamin D3, or cholecalciferol, is a lipophilic compound that acts as a steroid hormone and has gained great interest attributed to its role in bone metabolism (Almeida et al. 2008; Levine 2003; Norman 2001) and regulation of homeostasis in other non-bone tissues (Matyjaszek-Matuszek, Lenart-Lipinska, and Wozniakowska 2015; Wallace et al. 2015; Zuk, Fitzpatrick, and Rosella 2016). For many years, vitamin D3 was considered to be a vitamin, but the discovery of its function as a hormone indicated that when its active form, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, is bound to the vitamin D receptor (VDR), the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin-VDR complex may act as a transcription factor to regulate expression of numerous mammalian genes (Castro 2011; Pike and Meyer 2012).