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Arborescent polymers: Designed macromolecules with a dendritic structure
Published in Y. Yagci, M.K. Mishra, O. Nuyken, K. Ito, G. Wnek, Tailored Polymers & Applications, 2020
One last aspect of interest is the development of new grafting methods. Chloromethyl groups are currently used as grafting sites in the reactions. This approach suffers from the fact that it requires chloromethyl methyl ether, a known carcinogen, for the functionalization of the substrate. We are currently developing alternate grafting methods that do not rely on chloromethyl methyl ether for the introduction of grafting sites. Concurrently, we are also interested in synthetic paths for arborescent polymers that do not rely on aromatic substitution chemistry (like the polystyrene systems), but that are rather applicable to other monomers such as dienes or (meth)acrylates.
Health and Safety Information
Published in W. M. Haynes, David R. Lide, Thomas J. Bruno, CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 2016
W. M. Haynes, David R. Lide, Thomas J. Bruno
Name Known to Be Human Carcinogens A atoxins 4-Aminobiphenyl Aristolochic acids Arsenic Asbestos Azathioprine Benzene p-Benzidine Beryllium Bis(2-chloroethyl) sul de Bis(chloromethyl) ether 1,3-Butadiene Cadmium Chlorambucil Chloroethene 1-(2-Chloroethyl)-3-(4-methylcyclohexyl)1-nitrosourea Chloromethyl methyl ether Chromium Cyclophosphamide Cyclosporin A trans-Diethylstilbestrol Erionite Estrogens, steroidal N-(4-Ethoxyphenyl)acetamide Formaldehyde Melphalan Methoxsalen 2-Methylaniline 2-Naphthylamine Nickel compounds Oxirane Radon Silicon dioxide (-quartz)
Determination of Bis-(Chloromethyl) Ether (Bis-CME) in Air
Published in James P. Lodge, Methods of Air Sampling and Analysis, 2017
Bis-CME, an impurity in chloromethyl methyl ether, has been reported to be a pulmonary carcinogen (1–3). Extreme safety precautions should be exercised in the preparation and disposal of liquid and gas standards and the analysis of air samples. Bis-CME may be destroyed in a methanol-caustic solution.
Overview of biological mechanisms of human carcinogens
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 2019
Nicholas Birkett, Mustafa Al-Zoughool, Michael Bird, Robert A. Baan, Jan Zielinski, Daniel Krewski
Bis(chloromethyl)ether (BCME) and chloromethyl methyl ether (CMME) are used primarily as chemical intermediates and alkylating agents. BCME is used as a lab reagent in manufacture of plastics, ion-exchange resins, and polymers. Historical uses of BCME include crosslinking of cellulose, synthesis of styrene and polymers, surface treatment of vulcanized rubber to increase adhesion, and manufacture of flame-retardant fabrics. CMME is used as an alkylating agent and as an industrial solvent to manufacture dodecylbenzyl chloride, water repellants, ion-exchange resins, and polymers, and as a chloromethylating reagent. Exposure to these chemicals is strictly regulated worldwide. Small quantities are currently produced to be used only in enclosed systems for the synthesis of other chemicals. BCME and CMME produce lung cancer.