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Polylactic Acid: An Eco-Friendly Material in the Packaging Industry, Paving the Way Toward a Greener Environment
Published in Neha Kanwar Rawat, Iuliana Stoica, A. K. Haghi, Green Polymer Chemistry and Composites, 2021
S. Roopa, B. Sowmya, S. Preethi, Arul Maximus Rabel
Carvacrol is a naturally occurring monoterpenic phenol used as an anti-bactericide, antitumor agent, and food additive (Yu et al., 2012). As with other bioactive compounds, carvacrol is also volatile in nature. To improve its availability and stability, Altan et al. (2018) have encapsulated the carvacrol in zein and PLA matrix via electrospinning technique. The antioxidant activity of carvacrol loaded fibers was examined by DPPH assay and the results were compared with pristine fibers. The antioxidant capacity of carvacrol loaded zein and PLA fibers lie in the range of 62–75% and 53–65%, respectively. It was noticed that the antioxidant capacity is dependent on the carvacrol content in the fiber, the higher the carvacrol content, the higher is the antioxidant activity of the fiber. In order to study the effectiveness of the carvacrol loaded fiber in food preservation, authors used the whole wheat bread sample. The effect of carvacrol on the growth inhibition rate of aerobic mesophilic bacteria, mold, and yeast count was evaluated. The results reveal that the inhibition of both aerobic mesophilic bacteria, mold, and yeast growth in bread samples increased as the carvacrol content increased in both zein and PLA fibers.
Herbal Product Development and Characteristics
Published in Anil K. Sharma, Raj K. Keservani, Surya Prakash Gautam, Herbal Product Development, 2020
Mirian Pateiro, Rubén Domínguez, Predrag Putnik, Danijela Bursać Kovačević, Francisco J. Barba, Paulo S. E. Munekata, Elena Movilla Fierro, José M. Lorenzo
The main phytochemicals accountable of their therapeutic uses are borneol, carvacrol, linalool, α-pinene, β-pinene, α-terpinene, and γ-terpinene (García-Beltrán and Esteban, 2016). The implication of one or other will depend on the target disease. Thymol and carvacrol are the most important compounds isolated from this genus (Figure 8.3). There are several studies that associate thymol with antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, respiratory, and digestive disorders, relaxing the soft tissue of the throat and stomach. Carvacrol is also associated with the prevention of neurodegenerative pains, antihepatotoxic, antimutagenic, analgesic, antitumor, and antispasmodic (Friedman, 2014; Talavera-Alemán et al., 2016). Other components with nutraceutical properties are: rosmarinic acid responsible of anti-inflammatory and antiviral activity (Shen et al., 2010), 4-terpineol associated with antibacterial and antitumor effects, and thymoquinone with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. The last one is a molecule which could be used in the future as an alternative against tumors (Begnini et al., 2014).
Electrospun Nanofibers
Published in Sanjay Mavinkere Rangappa, Parameswaranpillai Jyotishkumar, Senthil Muthu Kumar Thiagamani, Senthilkumar Krishnasamy, Suchart Siengchin, Food Packaging, 2020
Juliana Botelho Moreira, Suelen Goettems Kuntzler, Ana Luiza Machado Terra, Jorge Alberto Vieira Costa, Michele Greque de Morais
Another study performed by Fonseca et al. (2019) addressed the development of nanofibers from potato starch containing carvacrol. Carvacrol is an antioxidant agent present in oregano or thyme oils that can be used in food product packaging to avoid oxidation during storage (Altan et al., 2018; Gómez-Estaca et al., 2014). Fonseca et al. (2019) found that starch nanofibers containing 30 and 40% (v v−1) of carvacrol showed the high antioxidant activity of 76.2 and 83.1% of oxidation inhibition, respectively. Therefore, it is possible to suggest that the nanofibers containing carvacrol present potential for use in active packaging.
Can Origanum be a hope for cancer treatment? A review on the potential of Origanum species in preventing and treating cancers
Published in International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2023
Natural antioxidants are known to be beneficial agents in preventing diseases. Studies showed that phenolic compounds in plant essential oils exhibit antioxidant activity as a result of their free radical scavenging capacity. High phenolic content has been detected in the essential oils of many Origanum species. Essential oils, which are lipophilic, can exert their effects by crossing the plasma membrane and interacting with intracellular proteins and/or intra-organelle sites. Monoterpenes are also highly hydrophobic compounds found in plant essential oils (Ozdemir et al. 2018). The main compounds of the essential oil of Origanum onites contain high levels of carvacrol (71.22%) and thymol (5.97%), as in many plant oils. Carvacrol (2-methyl-5- (1-methylethyl) phenol), a cyclic monoterpene, is a component of oregano essential oil. Thymol (5-methyl-2- (1-methylethyl) phenol) is a carvacrol isomer that has the hydroxyl group at a different position on the phenolic ring. The hydrophobic nature of carvacrol and thymol allows them to react with lipids of the cell membrane and mitochondria, causing leakage of cell components (Altintas et al. 2013).
Vapour–liquid coexistence of carvacrol: a molecular simulation study
Published in Molecular Physics, 2021
Suryadip Bhattacharjee, Jhumpa Adhikari
Carvacrol, a naturally occurring aromatic compound, is mainly extracted from leaves of plants of the Origanum genus and is also an important component of essential oil of thyme [1]. Essential oils (whose major constituent is carvacrol) are extracted from oregano leaves by steam distillation or superheated water extraction or Soxhlet extraction using heptane. Yield of carvacrol by this method is usually low [2]. It has been demonstrated that carvacrol has anti-cancer properties and is also effective against various species of pathogenic bacteria including Escherichia coli [3], Cladosporium herbarum [4], and Penicillium glabrum [4]; and fungi including F. moniliforme [4], and R. solani [4]. Therefore, knowledge of the vapour–liquid equilibrium (VLE) properties of carvacrol at different temperatures and pressures is essential for the rational and economic design of efficient extraction processes and equipments.
Encapsulation of antioxidant compounds in biopolymer micelles
Published in Chemical Engineering Communications, 2020
Jolanta Pulit-Prociak, Małgorzata Kabat, Ewelina Węgrzyn, Michał Zielina, Marcin Banach
Nanoemulsions are effective formulations for active substance transfer, and thanks to their biological origin they do not pose a threat to human tissues and the environment. Hussein et al. (2017) conducted similar research, where they studied the impact of nano-encapsulated and nanoemulsion forms containing carvacrol on liver fibrosis. Carvacrol is a phenolic compound which is known for its anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and chemopreventive properties. Carvacrol was incorporated into o/w nanoemulsions which were prepared with the use of sonication frequencies. The authors conclude that the incorporation of carvacrol by nanoemulsions enhances its bioavailability. Moreover, such a formulation could be an effective product in protecting against liver fibrosis.