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Promising Future Products from Microalgae for Commercial Applications
Published in Kalyan Gayen, Tridib Kumar Bhowmick, Sunil K. Maity, Sustainable Downstream Processing of Microalgae for Industrial Application, 2019
Solarvest BioEnergy, Inc. (Vancouver, Canada) is a microalgae technology company whose algal-based production platform provides it with an extremely flexible system capable of being adapted to produce numerous products—from omega-3 fatty acids to human therapeutic proteins. The company has successfully demonstrated (news release dated March 16, 2015) the expression of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), a high-value therapeutic protein, to accelerate bone growth. In addition, the company’s platform has successfully produced recombinant viral antigens (immune-stimulating proteins) and cecropins (antimicrobial peptides). The company has completed a feasibility study for the expression of cannabidiol oil (CBD) and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) as a way to produce CBD and THC in sterile bioreactors.
Thin-Layer Chromatography in Pharmaceutical Analysis
Published in Bernard Fried, Joseph Sherma, Practical Thin-Layer Chromatography, 2017
Elena Dreassi, Giuseppe Ceramelli, Piero Corti
Lavanya and Baggi15 describe a method for the identification and confirmation of cannabinoids present in cannabis, utilizing a process of prechromatographic derivatization that later permits separation of the isomers of the derivatized products of cannabinoids. The method is based on oxidative coupling of cannabinoids with MBTH (3-methyl-2-benzthiazolinone hydrazone MBTH) using acidic eerie ammonium sulphate (CAS) as oxidant. The buffered mixture is deposited on silica gel TLC plates and the chromatography is carried out with benzene–methanol (98:2, v/v). Every cannabinoid presents a visible characteristic coloration; the single compounds may be identified more specifically through application of different wavelengths of UV light. The used compounds are Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabinol, cannabidiol, and cannabigerol and the respective values of the Rf are 0.69, 0.83, 0.85, and 0.77. The reproducibility of this method can be compared with other methods based on the postchromatographic derivatization, although they present a higher sensibility. One more advantage of the method described by Lavanya and Baggi consists in the noncancerogenicity of the derivatives and the stability for various days of the chromophores, no interference has been noticed. Without any doubt the derivatization in a prechromatographic phase guarantees a higher reproducibility for quantitative analysis, compared to the induction of the color after the chromatographic development. Thus it can be retained as a good alternative for the detection and identification of cannabinoids in forensic exhibits.
Sample Preparation Techniques to Isolate and Recover Organics and Inorganics
Published in Paul R. Loconto, Trace Environmental Quantitative Analysis, 2020
Before we leave the topic of SFE, it is interesting to note that SFE on a larger scale is used to decaffeinate coffee. SFE using CO2 under subcritical conditions, can extract mono- and di-terpenes, while SFE using CO2 under supercritical conditions can extract cannabinoids, fats, lipids, chlorophyll and flavonoids from cannabis. SFE using CO2 leaves no chemical residue and therefore is of great importance to the ever-growing cannabis industry whose principal chemical products are tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD).76 Molecular structures for all three organic compounds just discussed are shown below:
Influence of cannabis use history on the impact of acute cannabis smoking on simulated driving performance during a distraction task
Published in Traffic Injury Prevention, 2022
Ryan Miller, Tim Brown, Julia Wrobel, Michael J. Kosnett, Ashley Brooks-Russell
Participants were observed to smoke or vaporize cannabis flower while seated in a ventilated room. Participants smoked their own cannabis flower which was brought in its original packaging from a state-licensed Colorado dispensary to verify the percent total THC (required to be between 15% and 30%, and less than 2% cannabidiol (CBD) by weight) printed on the product label. During a 15-minute interval between drives, participants in the two cannabis use groups were instructed to smoke ad-libitum “the amount you most commonly use for the effect you most commonly desire.” Smoking occurred via pipe, joint (rolled cigarette), bong or vaporizer according to the participant’s choice. The weight of product combusted during the smoking period was determined using a milligram scale. Participants in the nonuse group were invited to relax for the equivalent amount of time.
Drying of cannabis—state of the practices and future needs
Published in Drying Technology, 2021
Sai Kiran Reddy Challa, N. N. Misra, Alex Martynenko
Cannabis contains phytocannabinoids (secondary metabolites), which are responsible for psychotic, and health beneficial characteristics in humans. Among the cannabinoids, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC/dronabinol) and cannabidiol (CBD) are the most potent. Medicinal cannabis is a regularly used psychoactive substance for treatment of several illnesses, such as to improve hunger/appetite in AIDS (acquired immuno-deficiency syndrome) patients, to decrease nausea and vomiting in chemotherapy,[2] for treating muscle spasms, chronic pain,[3,4] effective alleviation of seizures in children with epilepsy,[5] and treating spasticity and neuropathic pain associated with multiple sclerosis.[6] When used for non-medicinal/recreational purposes or at excessive doses, cannabis may cause certain short-term health effects in humans related to cognition and coordination (attention, decision-making, reaction time), anxiety, bronchial dilation and increase in heart rate.[7–9]
Application device for THC:CBD oromucosal spray in the management of resistant spasticity: pre-production testing
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2019
Paloma Montero-Escribano, Carlos Vila Silván
Recommended treatments for MSS are physiotherapy and antispasticity agents [6]. Common first-line agents are the oral muscle relaxants baclofen and tizanidine [6]. MS patients who fail to achieve adequate symptomatic relief of spasticity with first-line therapy are eligible to receive Sativex® oromucosal spray, a 1:1 formulation of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), which is licensed in the EU and other world regions as add-on therapy for moderate to severe treatment-resistant MSS [7]. A relevant proportion of patients with spasticity-related upper limb/hand impairment may have difficulty self-administering THC:CBD spray [8], potentially affecting adherence and treatment effectiveness.