China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Sources of Energy
Published in Cameron La Follette , Chris Maser, Sustainability and the Rights of Nature, 2017
Cameron La Follette , Chris Maser
Ensure solar panels or artificial leaves are produced using non-toxic, easily available ingredients or recycled components, rather than resources requiring mining or other damaging production techniques. Solar panels currently require cadmium chloride, which is highly toxic, expensive to produce, and dangerous to dispose of. But cadmium chloride can be replaced with a nontoxic substance such as magnesium chloride, which is also much cheaper.10
List of Chemical Substances
Published in T.S.S. Dikshith, and Safety, 2016
Exposures to cadmium chloride and cadmium salts cause headache, chills, diarrhea, abdominal pains, choking, dizziness, sweating, nausea, and muscular pain, irritations to the mucous membranes and upper respiratory tract, cough, shortness of breath, pulmonary fibrosis, emphysema, perforation of the nasal septum, loss of smell, chest pain, and flu-like symptoms, pulmonary edema, liver and kidney damage, and death.
Non-aqueous Processing
Published in Reid A. Peterson, Engineering Separations Unit Operations for Nuclear Processing, 2019
Michael F. Simpson, Andrew M. Casella
The problem with using cadmium chloride is that cadmium metal has a high vapor pressure and is a RCRA-listed toxic metal. Thus, virtually all components of the Mark-IV ER are both radioactive and toxic, causing them to be categorized as mixed high-level waste. Alternatively, salts such as BiCl3, FeCl2, and ZnCl2 can also produce UCl3 from reaction with U metal. Figure 7.4 shows an image of molten NaCl containing UCl3 being poured in a glove box from an alumina crucible after formation via reaction of U metal with BiCl3. () BiCl3+U=UCl3+BiΔG°=−468 kJ/mol at 500°C () 1.5 FeCl2+U=UCl3+1.5 FeΔG°=−333kJ/mol at 500°C () 1.5ZnCl2+U=UCl3+1.5 Zn ΔG°=−243 kJ/mol at 500°C
Role of ZnCl2 in the Uptake and Translocation of Cd to Different Parts of Wheat Plant and Risk Assessments for Cow and Human
Published in Soil and Sediment Contamination: An International Journal, 2023
Muhammad Xaaceph Khan, Abida Butt
Cadmium chloride (CdCl2; molecular weight 183.32, CAS No. 10108–64-2) and zinc chloride (ZnCl2; molecular weight 136.30, CAS No. 7646–85-7) purchased from Sigma Aldrich were used to spike the soil. To enrich the soil with Cd and Zn separately, aqueous solutions of cadmium chloride (CdCl2) and Zinc chloride (ZnCl2) were used. In soil, Cd was added at concentrations of 3, 6, 12, 24, or 48 mg kg−1 and Zn at concentrations of 50, 100, 200, or 300 mg kg−1. To check the role of Zn in the uptake of Cd, combinations of Cd and Zn were also used in the experiment. For this purpose, different concentrations of Cd (3, 6, 12, 24, 48 mg kg−1) were added in the soil that was already spiked with 200 mg kg−1 of Zn following the procedure of García-Gómez et al. (2015).
Cadmium Accumulation Potential of Brassica Species Grown in Metal Spiked Loamy Sand Soil
Published in Soil and Sediment Contamination: An International Journal, 2020
Salwinder Singh Dhaliwal, P.K. Taneja, Jaswinder Singh, Sandip Singh Bhatti, Ravinder Singh
The experiment was conducted on sandy loam soil to assess the effects of six levels of Cd viz. 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, and 80 mg kg−1 and three levels of EDTA viz. 0, 1, and 2 g kg−1 in a factorial randomized design on the growth of three Brassica species (B. juncea, B. campestris, and B. napus). The salt used for the present study was cadmium chloride (CdCl2; 99% GR). The initial soil physico-chemical parameters are provided in Table 1. The initial level of DTPA (Diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid) extractable Cd was 0.086 mg kg−1. The soil in the pots was equilibrated for 30 days at field capacity moisture level after applying the above treatments. The seeds of three varieties were sown in pots with following the complete package of practices in screen house. Harvesting was done at grand growth stage after 45 days, i.e., the stage of attaining maximum biomass. Dry weight and total Cd of plant shoots of each species were estimated.
Response and tolerance ability of Chlorella vulgaris to cadmium pollution stress
Published in Environmental Technology, 2022
Weiwei Geng, Xinfeng Xiao, Linlin Zhang, Weiming Ni, Na Li, Yanjun Li
Molecular operating environment (MOE) software was used to determine whether cadmium chloride and intracellular macromolecules bind with the cellular compositions. The crystal structure of macromolecular compounds in cells was derived from the RCSB Protein Database (http://www.pdb.org/) and the 3D framework of cadmium chloride was acquired from the chemical book database (www.chemicalbook.com). Using the site finder to find the low-energy binding sites, all water molecules were dislodged before docking, and the experimental conditions were set to complete the molecular docking [28]. Finally, the internal interaction in the complex was visualized by MOE ligand modules.