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Laminar Premixed Flames
Published in Achintya Mukhopadhyay, Swarnendu Sen, Fundamentals of Combustion Engineering, 2019
Achintya Mukhopadhyay, Swarnendu Sen
The flame in a Bunsen burner consists of an inner cone of premixed flame and often an outer cone of non-premixed flame. If Vu denotes the fluid velocity just upstream of the flame and the flow is considered to remain parallel to the burner axis till it reaches the flame, the flame speed may be expressed as: () Su=VuSinα
Research on the modulation factor of the constrained TV for optical deflection tomography reconstruction
Published in Inverse Problems in Science and Engineering, 2020
Huaxin Li, Bin Zhang, Huihua Kong, Jinxiao Pan
The experiment was performed using Butane flame with a Bunsen burner. The experimental system is shown in Figure 10. Light is generated by a laser with a wavelength of 632.8 nm. The moiré deflection fringes were collected by the experimental system from six projections at view angles of ; there are 80 rays in each angle. The fringes are shown in Figure 11. The collection of experimental data was completed in the Flow Field Optical Measurement Laboratory of Qingdao University of Science and Technology. The reconstruction area was divided into grids, the initial refractive index value was . Figure 12 shows the reconstruction results after 20 iterations. It can be seen that the isotherms are basically symmetrical concentric circle distribution. Using the proposed modulation factor function not only the noise can be suppressed, but also the details of the reconstructed results can be clearer.
Effect of graphene on the properties of flax fabric reinforced epoxy composites
Published in Advanced Composite Materials, 2020
M. Kamaraj, E. Anush Dodson, Shubhabrata Datta
Plant-based natural fibers and polymers are highly flammable and have a potential threat to the safety. Therefore, natural fiber reinforced polymer composites need to be protected against fire if used in applications such as in automotive, civil, or aircraft industries. So, there is a need to study the flammability of natural fiber reinforced polymer composites. The flammability test was performed to observe the burning properties of graphene-filled flax/epoxy composites. The test specimens were prepared from the composites produced in accordance with ASTM D3801 and ASTM D635 standards for vertical and horizontal flame tests, respectively. The test specimen length was 125 mm, and the specimen width was 13 mm. Figure 3(a) shows the vertical flame testing setup used in this study. In this test, the specimen was fixed vertically, and then the specimen was ignited for 10 s at the bottom end. The specimen’s self-extinguishing time was measured, which was used to assess the specimen’s flammability. Figure 3(b) shows the horizontal flame testing setup used in this study. The specimen was horizontally fixed in this test and benchmarked at a position of 25 mm and 100 mm. The free end of the specimen was ignited for 30 s and the composite burning rate was calculated. The laboratory Bunsen burner fueled with LPG gas was used as a source of ignition in these tests.
Study on the laminar burning velocity of Medium-Btu syngas flame with N2 dilution based on OH-PLIF technology
Published in Cogent Engineering, 2018
Bang Wu, Ge Pu, Xun Zhang, Beibei Huang, Jiantai Du
Each gas of the mixtures is separately stored in gas cylinder before the experiment. The flow rate of each gas is well controlled by calibrated rotor flow meter, and a mixing chamber is set to ensure the gases’ homogeneous mixing. The stoichiometric ratio in the current experiment varies from 0.6 to 1.2, and the Reynolds number is set to be 1000. One-way valve in the gas delivery system can prevent the gas circumfluence, when used in conjunction with a flame arrester near the Bunsen burner, which can effectively promise the security of the premix combustion research. The Bunsen burner used in the experiment is a straight stainless cylinder tube, in consideration of the sickness of the laser sheet (0.8 mm) and the quantity of the flow rate, and the inner diameter of the tube is 5 mm. To ensure the fully developed flow, the whole length of the burner is designed to be 260 mm.