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Materials and Processes for Textile Warp Sizing
Published in Menachem Lewin, Stephen B. Sello, Handbook of Fiber Science and Technology: Volume I Chemical Processing of Fibers and Fabrics, 2018
Peter G. Drexler, Giuliana C. Tesoro
Desizing of cotton with bromine compounds has been reviewed [120]. Sodium bromite (NaBrO2) is a very active oxidizing agent, combining the effect of bromous acid (HBrO2) and hypobromous acid [117, 120]. When starch is subjected to oxidation by sodium bromite, several reactions are possible, for example, opening of the glucose ring by scission of a C2–C3 bond, forming a dialdehyde. The dialdehyde intermediate is not readily soluble in water, but it is further degraded by a hot-water alkaline wash.
The Emergence of Temporal Order in a Chemical Laboratory
Published in Pier Luigi Gentili, Untangling Complex Systems, 2018
In [8.14], three important intermediates appear: hypobromous acid (HOBr), bromous acid (HBrO2), and bromine (Br2). Br2 brominates the organic substrate. While the elementary steps [8.14] proceed, the concentration of Br− is progressively consumed. As it becomes smaller than its critical value, [Br−]c, the entire system shifts to its oxidized state and another set of elementary reactions takes place: [] 2(BrO3−+HBrO2+H+→2BrO2•+H2O4(BrO2•+Mn++H+→M(n+1)++HBrO2)2HBrO2→HOBr+BrO3−+H+HOBr+RH→RBr+H2O
Bromate Removal from Water Using Ion Exchange Resin: Batch and Fixed Bed Column Performance
Published in Ozone: Science & Engineering, 2023
Safal Mestri, Sedar Dogan, Chedly Tizaoui
Besides ozonation, bromate can be formed in advanced oxidation processes when hydrogen peroxide coupled with O3 and in ferrate (VI) oxidation (Arvai, Jasim, Biswas 2012; Huang et al. 2016). Bromate was also detected in water after other advanced treatment methods such as ultraviolet combined treatments with chlorine (UV/chlorine), with persulfate (UV/persulfate) and cupric oxide (CuO) chlorination (Huang, Gao, Deng 2008; Fang and Shang, 2012; Liu, von Gunten, Croué 2012). During chlorination, chlorine, in the form of hypochlorous acid (HOCl), oxidizes Br− to hypobromous acid (HOBr), which is further oxidized to bromous acid (HBrO2) to finally produce bromate, as shown in following reactions 5–7 (Tynan, Lunt, Hutchison 1993).