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Application of Metabolomics to Discover the Implications of Nanomaterials for Crop Plants
Published in Ramesh Raliya, Nanoscale Engineering in Agricultural Management, 2019
Yuxiong Huang, Lijuan Zhao, Arturo A. Keller
A thorough and comprehensive analysis of metabolite changes of cucumber fruits from plants exposed to various levels of nano-Cu (0, 200, 400, and 800 mg kg−1) was conducted through the use of both 1H NMR and GC–MS (Zhao et al. 2016). GC-MS detected and identified 107 metabolites in the cucumber fruit extract; 53 of them are related to nutritional supply, including sugars, amino acids, organic acids and fatty acids. Cucumber fruit extract contained 23 amino acids, among them, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, tryptophan and valine, which are reported as essential human amino acids. Humans cannot synthesize these amino acids, therefore, they must be supplied via the diet (Shimomura et al. 2001). Among these essential amino acids, five amino acids (valine, leucine, isoleucine, threonine and tyrosine) were up-regulated in all nano-Cu treatments. Compared to the control, valine, leucine, isoleucine, threonine and tyrosine in fruits exposed to different concentrations of nano-Cu increased 16–32%, 13–41%, 12–28%, 0.1–18%, 0.1–32%, respectively. It is noteworthy that in plants exposed to medium concentration of nano-Cu, the amino acids’ accumulation in fruits are highest compared to control and other treatment. Among the essential amino acids, the content of lysine and methionine in fruit treated with different concentrations of nano-Cu decreased 55–61% and 13–25% respectively. However, all the changes are not statistically significant due to the large variation with groups. A correlation analysis (Fig. 5) showed that valine, leucine and isoleucine are clustered, indicating strong correlation. These three amino acids are commonly referred to as branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) due to their branched carbon skeletons and play important roles in growth and development (Kochevenko et al. 2012).
Crops with potential for diclosulam remediation and concomitant bioenergy production
Published in International Journal of Phytoremediation, 2023
Cícero Teixeira Silva, José Antonio Rojas-Chamorro, Gabriela Madureira Barroso, Márcia Vitoria Santos, Anderson Barbosa Evaristo, Leandro Diego da Silva, Eulogio Castro Galiano, José Barbosa dos Santos
The herbicide diclosulam belongs to a group known as triazolopyrimidines, it controls a wide spectrum of dicotyledonous species and may also affect the development of some grass species (Teixeira Silva et al. 2021). It is highly toxic to the environment and is registered in Brazil for application in soybean and sugar cane fields (Oliveira 2011; MAPA-BRASIL 2021). Diclosulam has a residual effect that may vary depending on moisture, clay content, and soil organic matter (Lavorenti et al. 2003). The half-life time diclosulam can reach 43 days and its degradation gives rise to the metabolites 5-OH diclosulam, 8-Cl diclosulam, ASTP, TPSA, and TAAA (Zabik et al. 2001). Soybean cannot be rotated with autumn crops planted immediately after harvest, including sorghum, and brassica. Another example is sunflower, which can only be planted 18 months after the soybean harvest (MAPA-BRASIL 2021). Diclosulam inhibits acetolactate synthase (ALS), a key enzyme in plant branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis, which contribute to the synthesis of energy for plants (Teixeira Silva et al. 2021). The residual activity of this herbicide can cause phytotoxicity in sensitive plants (Matte et al. 2019; Teixeira Silva et al. 2021).
Physico-chemical, in-vitro cytotoxicity and antimicrobial evaluation of L-valine functionalised CuO NPs on polyvinyl alcohol and blended carboxymethyl cellulose films
Published in Indian Chemical Engineer, 2022
Yamanappagouda Amaregouda, Kantharaju Kamanna
Naturally occurring amino acids have L-stereochemistry and play an important role in the biological system [12]. Among them, valine amino acid showed many biological applications, especially in antimicrobial and other bioactive molecules or amino acids. Amino acids play a crucial role in skeletal muscle weight, enhancing the nutritional status and facilitating wound dressing [13]. The chemical and physical surface modification of the nanoparticles can effectively prevent the agglomeration of the NPs. Polymer matrix showed increased dispersibility and stability on them. L-Valine is a branched-chain amino acid with biodegradability, biocompatibility, non-toxic and eco-friendly properties. Dhandapani et al recently reported PVA/CMC cross-linked with L-histidine amino acid films showed efficient antimicrobial and food packaging applications [14]. Many other combinations of PVA with natural polymers blends with nanoparticles and biomolecules are reported for food packaging [15].
Non-targeted metabolomics in sport and exercise science
Published in Journal of Sports Sciences, 2019
Liam M. Heaney, Kevin Deighton, Toru Suzuki
The sensitivity of metabolomics to detect changes in fuel use during exercise has been demonstrated through observed decreases in serum concentrations of branched-chain amino acids in response to repeated 80-m running sprints (Pechlivanis et al., 2013). This is further supported by the identification of increased branched-chain amino acid degradation products in urine samples after exercise. Furthermore, although changes in the metabolome were detected in response to sprint training, there were no observed differences between groups that received either a 10-s or 1-min recovery period between sprint intervals (Pechlivanis et al., 2013). The comprehensive overview of metabolites provided by metabolomic analysis allows for greater certainty that the manipulation of recovery periods did not induce metabolic differences compared with the measurement of a limited number of variables using a traditional approach. More recently, increases in serum lactate, pyruvate, succinate and multiple butyrates, along with a reduction in amino acids, have been recorded after a single bout of resistance exercise (Berton et al., 2016). Urinary increases in lactate, pyruvate and succinate have also been identified as pre- to post-exercise discriminators 30 min after a single 30 s cycle ergometer sprint (Enea et al., 2010). The use of metabolomics to monitor changes during such high-intensity exercise may be particularly beneficial as the large anaerobic contribution to energy provision prevents accurate interpretation of fuel use from gas exchange measurements (Frayn, 1983).