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Biomass-Fueled Direct Carbon Fuel Cells
Published in Vladimir Strezov, Hossain M. Anawar, Renewable Energy Systems from Biomass, 2018
Tao Kan, Vladimir Strezov, Graham Town, Peter Nelson
The simplified overall cell reaction can be expressed in Reaction 14.3 for all DCFC types. The Boudouard reaction (Reaction 14.4) wherein the carbon material is gasified by CO2 to CO also takes place as a side reaction, which is favoured at temperatures greater than 750°C. () C+O2→CO2E∘=1.02V () C+CO2↔2CO
Iron and Steel Making
Published in Alan Cottrell, An Introduction to Metallurgy, 2019
Reduction occurs when this ratio is exceeded. For the Boudouard reactionC+CO2=2CO
Effect of rice husk volatiles in iron ore reduction and its kinetic study
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2022
Dipika Das, Amrit Anand, Shalini Gautam
The chemical reactions involved in the direct reduction process are presented in Table 1. The reduction of Fe2O3 by carbon occurs through CO and CO2 intermediate gas (Rudramuniyappa and Huballi 2000). Iron oxide is mainly reduced by the reducing gases CO and H2. Equation (1–3) show the solid–solid reaction between iron oxide and carbon. Reduction of CO and H2 produces CO2 and H2O shown from Equation (4–9). CH4 also takes part in reduction process, as shown in Equation (10). In an endothermic Boudouard reaction, CO2 gas reacts with carbon (CO2 reduced) to produce CO (Gibran et al. 2018). This takes part in the further reduction process shown in Equation (11). H2O again reacts with carbon to produce CO shown in Equation (12).
Recent Advances in Magnetization Roasting of Refractory Iron Ores: A Technological Review in the Past Decade
Published in Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review, 2020
Jianwen Yu, Yuexin Han, Yanjun Li, Peng Gao
With the slow rotation (0.4 ~ 1.0 r/m) of the rotary kiln, the hematite or specularite within iron ores are first heated in countercurrent with the hot off-gas from the burner, and then reduced to magnetite by reducing gas CO, which is generated from the Boudouard reaction. Namely, when solid reducing agents (such as coal) were used, CO2 generated in the reduction reactions subsequently reacted with the solid carbon to produce more CO (Flavio 1992). The related reduction reactions were presented in Eqs. (1) and (3). According to Eq. (3), the Boudouard reaction is an endothermic reaction, which means increasing temperature enables the Boudouard reaction to occur as fast as possible, thus causing a high CO partial pressure and an accelerated magnetic reduction of hematite or specularite. Therefore, the roasting temperature in a rotary kiln is usually up to 750 ~ 1000°C.