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N-Heterocycles
Published in Navjeet Kaur, Metals and Non-Metals, 2020
Pyrrole can also synthesized from 1,4-dicarbonyl compounds under acid catalysis (Paal-Knorr reaction). Various pyrrole derivatives are prepared from aryl amines and 1,4-diketones in Bi(OTf)3·xH2O immobilized in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, Bi(OTf)3·xH2O/[bmim]BF4 as catalyst (Scheme 5). In such cases, high yields of products are obtained and the catalytic system is recycled and reused. Bismuth chloride does not however show satisfactory performance in this reaction. In another instance, the reaction of 2-aminopyridine with hexane-2,5-dione in the presence of Bi(NO3)3·5H2O catalyst provides pyridine-pyrrole derivative with 70% yield (Scheme 6) [33, 34].
Qualitative Chemical Analysis
Published in Steven L. Hoenig, Basic Chemical Concepts and Tables, 2019
Consists of the following solutions:Dissolve 200g of Rochelle salts and 150g of NaOH in sufficient water to make 1 liter of solution.Dissolve 40g of CuSO4 in enough water to make 1 liter of solution.Dissolve 50g of Fe2(SO4)3 and 200g of H2SO4 (sp. gr. 1.84) in sufficient water to make 1 liter of solution.Dissolve 5g of KMnO4 in sufficient water to make 1 liter of solution.Bismuth chloride: 0.167M, 0.5N.
Fabrication Routes for Nanostructured TE Material Architectures
Published in D. M. Rowe, Materials, Preparation, and Characterization in Thermoelectrics, 2017
Muhammet S. Toprak, Shanghua Li, Mamoun Muhammed
Sonochemistry has been used for the synthesis of Bi2Te3 nanocrystals and Bi–Se–Ti alloys as well as other selenide and telluride nanocrystals, such as Ag2Se, Ag2Te, Cu5Se4, and PbSe.51 For instance, in Bi2Te3 synthesis, Bi(NO3)3, Na2TeO3, N2H4 ⋅ H2O, and deionized water have been mixed and exposed to high-intensity ultrasonic irradiation in air at an ambient temperature for 1–4 h. Nanocrystalline Bi2Te3 thermoelectric compounds have been synthesized by sonochemical methods at 70°C using Te and BiCl3 as the reactants, NaBH4 as the reductant, and NaOH as the pH-value controller.52 Bi2Se3 nanobelts with a typical width of 20–80 nm, thickness of 8–10 nm, and length of several micrometers have been successfully synthesized using a simple coreduction method under ultrasonic irradiation for 15 h at room temperature.53 The starting chemicals were bismuth chloride, selenious acid, and hydrazine where morphology and size of the nanostructures were found to vary with synthesis temperature.
Synthesis, crystal structure and photochromic property of a phenethyl viologen bismuth(III) chloride
Published in Journal of Coordination Chemistry, 2019
Yu-Lin Wang, Xiao-He Chen, Wen Shu, Hao-Ge Qin, Jian-Di Lin, Rong-Guang Lin, Na Wen
Compound 1 crystallizes in the triclinic space group P-1 and its asymmetric unit comprises one and half of PeV2+ cations and a [Bi2Cl9]3– anion (Figure 1). The [Bi2Cl9]3– anion of 1 is commonly observed in bismuth chloride chemistry [31, 32], which is constituted by two face-sharing BiCl6 octahedra. As shown in Figure 1, both Bi(III) ions locate in a BiCl6 octahedral coordinated sphere, which are fused to each other via three μ-Cl ions to form a dimer with a face-sharing mode. There are six short terminal Bi–Cl bonds [2.521(4)–2.614(3) Å] and six longer bridging bonds [2.805(4)–3.065(4) Å] in the [Bi2Cl9]3–. Bond distances and angles for this anionic component of 1 are similar to those determined for other compounds containing the [Bi2Cl9]3– anion, which are given in supporting information Table S2 [31, 32]. However, the PeV2+ cation has not yet been reported in metal hybrids. In 1, the two PeV2+ cations are all trans-trans configurations, and the dihedral angle between the two pyridinium rings are 41.37(19) and 0.0(2)°, respectively (Figure 1). Each PeV2+ cation weakly interacts with other PeV2+ cations by C–H⋅⋅⋅π interactions to form edge-to-face π⋅⋅⋅π interactions, which benefits the stabilization of the crystal structure of 1 (Figure 2). There are two C–H⋅⋅⋅Cg (π–ring) interactions in the structure of 1 and their distances and angles are listed in supporting information Table S2. The crystal packing in 1 along the c axis is shown in supporting information Figure S2. Several C–H⋅⋅⋅Cl hydrogen bonding interactions between PeV2+ cations and inorganic anion are responsible for the observed arrangement of the components. The details of the C–H⋅⋅⋅Cl hydrogen bonding interactions presenting in 1 are summarized in supporting information Table S3.