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Nature’s Green Catalyst for Environmental Remediation, Clean Energy Production, and Sustainable Development
Published in Miguel A. Esteso, Ana Cristina Faria Ribeiro, A. K. Haghi, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering for Sustainable Development, 2020
Benny Thomas, Divya Mathew, K. S. Devaky
Enzymes are progressively piercing the sectors of petroleum industry, where their use was once considered not viable because of either technical or economic reasons.56,63 Enzymes can remove sulfur from petroleum at mild operating conditions like temperature and pressure. In addition to the cost advantages compared to the existing methods, biodesulfurization technology offers the benefit of operating under milder conditions, consuming less energy, and emitting fewer greenhouse gases. The future may realize the practice of enzymes to catalyze cracking, viscosity reduction, and demetalization in a petroleum refinery.63
Biodesulfurization of model oil using growing cells of Gordonia sp. SC-10
Published in Petroleum Science and Technology, 2019
Shuiquan Chen, Shuo Sun, Chaocheng Zhao, Qiyou Liu, Meng Zang
The biodesulfurization reaction was carried out in SF medium supplemented with different sulfur contents of model oil to study the effect of initial sulfur content on biodesulfurization efficiency. Different amounts of DBT were dissolved in n-tetradecane to simulate model oil with different sulfur contents. The results were shown in Figure 5. Gordonia sp. SC-10 had high desulfurization rates for model oils with low sulfur contents. The bacterium grew best and had the highest desulfurization rate when sulfur content of model oil was 90 mg/l. It was worth noting that the latest legislative regulation of sulfur content in many countries were less than 10 ppm. In this study, biodesulfurization was capable of removing sulfur from model oil with initial sulfur content lower than 110 mg/l to yield a product with sulfur less than 5 mg/l. Model oils with sulfur contents higher than 110 mg/l could be desulfurized by repeated biodesulfurization processes. The results indicated that biodesulfurization process might be a potential way to obtain fuels with ultra-low sulfur contents. Due to the far more complex components of actual oil such as diesel oil and crude oil, the next work would focus on biodesulfurization of actual oils.
Bacterial desulphurization of low-rank coal: A case study of Eocene Lignite of Western Rajasthan, India
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2018
Alok K. Singh, Aniruddha Kumar, Prakash K. Singh, Asha Lata Singh, Alok Kumar
Coal desulfurization by the microorganism has many advantages over physical and chemical processes. It is employed as a novel technique and is considered highly beneficial and potential for development and application. The biological desulfurization is performed under controlled environment and does not produce any hazardous by-product. It improves the quality of coal and consequently increases its calorific value (Singh et al. 2015). Thus, biodesulfurization is a promising approach to reduce sulfur content present in coals for eco-friendly fuels as well as to minimize the environmental problems associated with high sulfur coal combustion. Biodesulfurization is not only for environmental protection but also improving the coal quality under a mild condition, without harmful products (Singh and Singh 2010). In desulfurization, the bacteria oxidize sulfide to sulfate (Larsson et al. 1994).
Desulfurization and optimization of low-grade local coal by sequential KOH and HCl treatment
Published in Journal of Sulfur Chemistry, 2020
Fraz Anwar, Rizwan Nasir, Khuram Maqsood, Humbul Suleman, Faisal Rehman, Abulhassan Ali, Aymn Abdulrahman, Anas Ahmad, Abdullah Bin Mahfouz
Biodesulfurization or bio demineralization is used to remove bounded organic sulfur, and it is an eco-friendly technique for washing of coal. Achaya et al. carried out the bio-desulfurization using isolates of ferroxidans [9] and found it useful in coal cleaning. Denmbris and Balat studied desulfurization of coal by chemical physical and biological processes. They observed that physical and biological process are time-consuming and are ineffective as compared to the chemical method [6]. Desulfurization is carried out using chemical methods [10]. Direct leaching is found very effective in removing sulfur and ash contents from the coal [11]. HCl, HNO3, and H2SO4 are used most widely for desulfurization of coal [12]. S. Shahraki et al. [13] carried out coal desulfurization by using HNO3 and found it very useful in coal cleaning and removed 87% of sulfur [13]. Zhiling Li et al. [14] remove the sulfur content by using sodium borohydride. It was observed that by increasing the temperature, sodium borohydride concentration and stirring rate along with the reduction in coal particle size, the elimination of sulfur is improved [14]. Tayfun et al. (2017) carried out the desulfurization of coal using NaOH and HCl as a treating reagent and removed 47.7% of sulfur from the coal [15]. Ali Ahmad et al. (2008) studies the desulfurization of coal using different leaching agents like hot water, sulfuric acid, and nitric acid. It was observed that hot water proved to be the weakest leaching agent and could remove only 1% of sulfur and sulfuric acid proved to be very useful in this regard and removed nearly 65% of sulfur [16]. In another study, the high organic sulfur Indian coals can be suitably desulphurized and demineralized by alkali treatment and solvent extraction of the H2O2-HCOOH oxidized coal. The alkali treatment of the oxidized coals shows a complete removal of inorganic and organic sulfur from Baragolai and Ledo coals [17]. Another study explained the effect of ionic liquid in coal desulfurization. They found that ILs can reduce maximum 62.50% pyritic, 83.33% sulfate and 31.63% organic sulfur from Meghalya (India) coals [18].