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Particles in the Atmosphere
Published in Stanley E. Manahan, Environmental Chemistry, 2022
Less than 200 metric tons of beryllium is consumed each year in the United States, which is the world's major producer of this metal. Beryllium is used for the formulation of specialty alloys used in electrical equipment, electronic instrumentation, space gear, and nuclear reactor components. Distribution of beryllium is quite limited compared to other toxic substances produced in larger quantities, such as lead.
Minerals of base metals
Published in Francis P. Gudyanga, Minerals in Africa, 2020
Beryllium which can be extracted from bertrandite (Be4Si2O7(OH)2), beryl (Al2Be3Si6O18), chrysoberyl (Al2BeO4) and phenakite (Be2SiO4) is a brittle alkaline earth metal which has its genesis from stellar nucleosynthesis and occurring only in combination with other elements in 100 gemstone minerals notably beryl (aquamarine, emerald) and chrysoberyl. It has a high melting point and is resistant to attacks by acids.
Metals II: Details About Specific Metals
Published in Ronald Scott, of Industrial Hygiene, 2018
Respiratory problems and skin irritations were early recognized as resulting from beryllium exposure. Chronic beryllium disease was first recognized in workers assembling fluorescent lamps, which then used beryllium phosphors. Respiratory problems can vary from acute irritation, with fluids collecting in the lungs, to a long-term damaging of the lung tissues. Symptoms of lung damage can appear years after exposure to the metal has ceased. Finally, there is evidence that excess exposure to beryllium increases the likelihood of lung cancer. Skin irritation reflects the occurrence of sensitization. Over an extended period of exposure, damage may occur to a number of internal organs.
Extraction equilibrium conditions of beryllium and aluminium from a beryl ore for optimal industrial beryllium compound production
Published in Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly, 2019
Alafara A. Baba, Daud T. Olaoluwa, Ayo F. Balogun, Abdullah S. Ibrahim, Fausat T. Olasinde, Folahan A. Adekola, Malay K. Ghosh
Beryllium metal, alloys and some compounds of beryllium especially beryllium sulphate have been used widely in industry for many decades particularly in specific areas of nuclear technology. Their ability to reflect neutrons and its efficiency in the production of neutrons when exposed to alpha emitters has led to its use in nuclear reactors and nuclear weapons [1,2]. These applications have the impetus to the development in its extraction and manufacturing processes through different routes. The production of beryllium from beryl ore is a complicated process because of the inert nature of the mineral with mineral acids under the normal conditions of temperature and pressure. Therefore, leaching of beryllium from the mineral is generally carried out by fusion with potassium hydroxide and potassium carbonate mixture, followed by quenching in cold water to destroy the original crystal structure of beryl [3]. The soluble alkali salts are dissolved in water and the glassy beryl is reheated, ground and dissolved with a sulphuric acid solution [4]. This solution contains mainly aluminium together with beryllium and other impurities. To this solution, ammonia liquor is added to precipitate beryllium hydroxide and bring most of the ammonium alum in solution.
Occupational exposure to beryllium in French industries
Published in Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, 2019
Jérôme Devoy, Aurélie Martin Remy, Bénédicte La Rocca, Pascal Wild, Davy Rousset
Beryllium (Be) is a metal with interesting physicochemical characteristics (mechanical strength, corrosion resistance, thermal conductivity, permeability to X-rays, light weight, and high melting point), which explains its increasing use in advanced industries such as aeronautics, aerospace, nuclear, military, electronics, metallurgy, scientific and technical instrumentation, and manufacture of ceramics, medical equipment, dentures, watches, and jewellery. Annual consumption is estimated at approximately 40–60 tons.[1] Be is mainly used in three forms: Be metal, Be alloys (from 2–60% Be, with aluminium, nickel, copper, nickel-chromium, nickel-cobalt, and others) and Be oxide.[2] In France, Be ore is neither extracted nor processed. Be is imported as pure Be oxide, alloys and scrap containing Be.
Biosorption of beryllium from aqueous solutions onto modified chitosan resin: Equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic study
Published in Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 2018
Mahmoud O. Abd El-Magied, Asmaa Mansour, Fathi A. Al Ghani Alsayed, Mohamed Shaban Atrees, Samia Abd Eldayem
Beryllium is a durable metal that is relatively soft and used in a variety of applications as in nuclear reactor, heat shields, high-technology ceramics, alloys and electronic heat sinks.[1,2] Beryllium has the highest surface charge density of any divalent ions and is prone to coordinate with organic functional groups.[3,4] Exposure to beryllium can cause acute chemical pneumonitis, chronic beryllium disease, and even cancer.[5,6] Due to the importance of beryllium, there are many methods for extract and concentrate it include precipitation, ion exchange, ion flotation, liquid-liquid extraction and solid phase extraction have been used.[2,5,7,8]