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Advanced oxidation process for removal of emerging contaminants in water and sustainable approaches
Published in Manish Kumar, Sanjeeb Mohapatra, Kishor Acharya, Contaminants of Emerging Concerns and Reigning Removal Technologies, 2022
Harikaranahalli Puttaiah Shivaraju, Shivamurthy Ravindra Yashas, David Jenkins
As stated above, even the ecotoxicological effects of CECs are not completely known. There are countable reports that reveal the health impacts on aquatic species and human health. Most of the pharmaceutical residues (analgesics, antibiotics, beta-blockers) have adverse effects on the growth of embryonic kidney cells. The presence of UV filters (Benzophenone) is toxic to aquatic microorganisms and causes bleaching of coral reefs (Tsui et al., 2017). The CECs under the banner of endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) directly target the hormonal changes in the species. These changes may be accompanied with impairments in the reproductive health of humans and aquatic organisms. The use of artificial musk compounds in perfumes, shampoos, and detergents can pose threat of high toxicity. Due to their high lipophilic property, they accumulate in living aquatic species, sludge, and sediments (Xu et al., 2019). Another very important class of CECs is the disinfection by-products (Sharma et al., 2021). These are the complex and unknown chemical molecules generated during the disinfection process (use of UV, chlorine, O3, chloramines, etc.). Unfortunately, out of 700–800 by-products identified, very few are being monitored. The health risks from these chemicals may be a miscarriage, birth defects, and mainly bladder cancer. Hence, determining an accurate picture of health risks and ecotoxicological risks from CECs is a potential area for advanced research.
Removal of the UV Filter Benzophenone-2 in Aqueous Solution by Ozonation: Kinetics, Intermediates, Pathways and Toxicity
Published in Ozone: Science & Engineering, 2018
Siyuan Wang, Xinghao Wang, Jing Chen, Ruijuan Qu, Zunyao Wang
Benzophenone-derived UV filters in aquatic environment have raised more and more attention at present, due to their widespread use in personal care products (PCPs) and potential toxicity to aquatic organisms. This type of benzophenone compounds have been widely detected in multiple environmental media, such as lakes, rivers, sediments, and human urine and blood (Balmer et al. 2005; Gago-Ferrero, Díaz-Cruz, and Barceló 2011; Kameda, Kimura, and Miyazaki 2011; Louis et al. 2014; Vela-Soria et al. 2014). Moreover, four different types of benzophenone compounds have been detected with the mean concentrations ranging from 18 to 1290 ng/L in wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) in Hong Kong (Tsui et al. 2014).
Synthesis, characterization and antioxidant activities of dioxomolybdenum(VI) complexes of new Schiff bases derived from substituted benzophenones
Published in Journal of Coordination Chemistry, 2018
Yeliz Kaya, Ayşe Erçağ, Kerem Kaya
The benzophenones are a group of aromatic ketones that have both pharmaceutical and industrial applications. They have UVB and some UVA absorbing properties and act like optical filters to block out harmful UV rays [6,7]. They may be used in sunscreen products. Besides, benzophenone derivatives are very important compounds due to their various biological and physicochemical properties such as electrochemical, spectroscopic, metal complexation, adsorptive, and crystallographic properties [8–11].
‘Green’ coagulant application with activated carbon: dosing sequence and removal of selected micropollutants and effluent organic matter from municipal wastewater
Published in Environmental Technology, 2022
Ivana Ivančev-Tumbas, Minja Bogunović, Vesna Vasić, Marina Šćiban, Aleksandra Tubić, Anita Leovac Maćerak, Jelena Prodanović
Bearing in mind that the waste formed in these processes should have minimal adverse effects and the lowest cost, it was considered relevant to test the application of natural, ‘green’ coagulant, produced from the common bean, in combination with commercial PAC. ‘Green’ coagulant does not contain harmful Al3+ or Fe3+ ions similar to already commercially available new biodegradable organic chemical coagulants [10]. Additionally, it does not change pH of the water, while the sludge that remains is also biodegradable. Common bean is a well-known and widespread legume rich in proteins. Literature findings show that plant proteins possess coagulation activity [11–14]. Therefore, common bean is considered as a potential commercial source of natural coagulants. Throughout previous investigations, the coagulant obtained from common bean showed good coagulation activity with regards to particles and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal from model water [15] and wastewaters from bioethanol production [16,17], whereas its ability to remove micropollutants has not been investigated yet. Benzophenones are used as ingredients of personal care products (in cosmetics, as UV filters, odour and flavour enhancers, additives in plastics, cleaning agents, etc). Benzophenone-3 (BP-3) is the most used UV filter and the most studied and detected benzophenone in the aquatic environment [18]. Caffeine (CF) is also a frequently used stimulant present in food, pharmaceuticals as well as in cosmetics. The selected micropollutants have a wide range of logD values (distribution coefficients representing lipophylicity of the molecule) and occur in various WWTP effluents up to maximal values of 34 µg/L for caffeine [19], up to 1.4 µg/L [20] for benzophenone (BP) and up to 2196 µg/L [21] for benzophenone-3. CF has a very low logD at pH 7.4 (0.28) [22], while logD values of BP (2.96) [22] and BP-3 (3.65) [22] are much higher. The aim of this work was to assess the removal efficiency of ‘green’ adsorption/coagulation process for selected molecules of different hydrophilicity at relevant wastewater treatment concentrations. Furthermore, the influence of dosing sequence of coagulant and adsorbent was assessed at two carbon dosages (usually applied 20 and 5 mg/L that can be attractive to reduce the treatment costs).