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Electric vehicle technology
Published in V.S.K.V. Harish, Amit Vilas Sant, Arun Kumar, Renewable Energy Integration with Building Energy Systems, 2022
Arpit J. Patel, Chaitali Mehta, Ojaswini A. Sharma, Amit V. Sant, V.S.K.V. Harish
The time required by ac or dc chargers to charge a battery pack is higher compared to the fuel-refilling time associated with internal combustion engine-based vehicles. The same is the case with inductive charging. Charging times are one of the key concerns for the wider acceptance of electric vehicles; immediate charging is not possible. However, charging stations can be renamed battery swapping stations. At battery swapping stations, the electric vehicle user can have the charge-depleted battery replaced with a fully charged battery. Battery swapping can be done in a manual or automated fashion. Battery charging can take place at the charging station without any constraints over the charging time. The concept of battery swapping is shown in Figure 6.7. Hence, slow charging can be carried out to extend the life of the battery. Additionally, a solar photovoltaic system can also be incorporated to charge the electric vehicle to further reduce reliance on the grid. Battery swapping is the fastest way to get a discharged battery replaced by a fully charged battery. It has generated a lot of interest, and work is in progress on formulating different business models for battery swapping. From a consumer perspective, the price of the electric vehicle would be reduced as the battery does not need to be procured but leased out at the swapping station. Lack of availability of common battery standards for different vehicles and a successful business model are drawbacks that need to be addressed.
Electric Vehicles
Published in Hussein T. Mouftah, Melike Erol-Kantarci, Smart Grid, 2017
However, the major drawback in the battery swapping approach is the lack of universal standards for rechargeable batteries and their interfaces. Currently, each PEV manufacturer uses its proprietary battery pack that is installed in many different configurations in the PEV. When this situation changes, then users with any type of PEV can simply drive into a battery swapping station (like today’s gas stations) and get their battery swapped in minutes. This approach not only will boost PEV usage, but also open up many new business opportunities.
Energy and Environmental Markets
Published in Anco S. Blazev, Power Generation and the Environment, 2021
Battery replacement is another possible alternative, although presently no OEMs have any plans to produce such vehicles. Battery swapping would require standardization of products and procedures across all EV platforms, models and manufacturers. Swapping also requires many times more battery packs to be ready and available at all times in the system. Those are complications that won’t be resolved any time soon.
Exploring the challenges of electric vehicle adoption in final mile parcel delivery
Published in International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications, 2023
Anthony Anosike, Helena Loomes, Chinonso Kenneth Udokporo, Jose Arturo Garza-Reyes
Battery swapping is a strategy that has the potential to reduce the risks of a limited range. Jiea et al. (2019) explain that in battery swapping, an existing battery that is close to empty is replaced with a fully charged one, and the whole operation takes about 10 min which is significantly shorter than fast charging. However, Keskin and Catay (2016) have illustrated that battery design and compatibility, battery lifespan, ownership and swap station infrastructure all provide additional complexities, further adding to the challenges of routing. Kuppusamy, Magazine, and Rao (2017) further explain that a sufficient number of charged batteries would need to be stocked to enable quick changeover, thus it is important to evaluate the need for increased battery inventory, therefore, increased costs.
Harvesting elevation potential from mountain forests
Published in International Journal of Forest Engineering, 2018
An alternative to sizing the battery for a total day operation might be to swap battery packs each trip. Battery swapping has been used in a fleet of 100 buses in China, and replacement time for the battery packs is reported to be 8–10 minutes (CEPA 2015). When considering that the battery size for a single round trip of the base road profile is constrained by power generation, the weight of the log truck with an 1818 kg (4008 lb) battery is similar to that of an existing diesel-powered log truck (Table 2). Based on the conversion used in this paper the cost for a 1818 kg (4008 lb) battery would be
Impacts of technology advancements on electric vehicle charging infrastructure configuration: a Michigan case study
Published in International Journal of Sustainable Transportation, 2022
Mohammadreza Kavianipour, Fatemeh Fakhrmoosavi, MohammadHossein (Sam) Shojaei, Ali Zockaie, Mehrnaz Ghamami, Joy Wang, Robert Jackson
Air pollution and oil dependence have made electric vehicles (EVs) a favorable substitute for gasoline vehicles (J. He et al., 2018; M. Kavianipour et al., 2020). However, early EVs struggled to compete with Conventional Vehicles (CVs) due to their limited range, insufficient charging infrastructure, and long charging times (F. He et al., 2013; Nie & Ghamami, 2013). EV owners fear being stranded along their route, a common concern known as range anxiety (Dong et al., 2020; Pearre et al., 2011). One strategy to address these barriers is to improve battery technology to increase the energy capacity of batteries and extend the driving range of EVs. Over time, some advanced batteries have been introduced to the market, increasing the EVs’ driving range to 337 miles (Y. He et al., 2019), which can alleviate the problems associated with range anxiety to some extent. However, high-capacity batteries take longer to charge. Due to the long charging time, early EVs were restricted to city boundaries. To address this concern, three technologies have been used to obviate the long charging time, namely battery swapping, dynamic on-road charging, and Direct Current Fast Charging (DCFC) (Xu et al., 2017). Battery swapping stations replace depleted EV batteries with fully charged ones. A recent study designs a charging infrastructure for electric buses using battery-swapping stations along with a local charging system (An et al., 2020). Different battery types and battery ownership dilemmas have hindered the success of this technology (Mirchandani et al., 2014). On the other hand, dynamic on-road charging has been considered a promising technology, especially for fixed-route trips, e.g., freight transportation and buses (Z. Chen et al., 2017; Mouhrim et al., 2019). Still, building a dense network of fast-charging stations is considered the best approach to address EVs’ charging demand, especially in intercity networks (Nie & Ghamami, 2013). A recent study has shown that providing such a network can improve the EV market acceptance as well (Kavianipour et al., 2019; Nie et al., 2016; Soltanpour et al., 2021).