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Climate Change and Life Cycle Assessment
Published in Surjya Narayana Pati, Life Cycle Assessment, 2022
One strategy for mitigating the increase in the atmospheric carbon dioxide is to expand the size of terrestrial carbon sinks, particularly forests expansion, by planting of trees for afforestation projects. The framework of the convention on climate change includes many provisions for forest and land use as carbon sequestration projects. This activity in the signatories overall GHG mitigation plans even the impartial analysis have in assessing the carbon offset benefit of the project. The potential for developing synergies between climate change mitigation and adaptation has become a recent focus of both climate research and policies. There are also increasing calls for research to define the optimal mix of mitigation and adaptation. The diagrammatic representation of climate change adaptation and mitigation is important in conceptualizing the problem. In identifying importance feedbacks and communicating between disciplines with a more refined distance in between adaptation and mitigation. It is found that emphasis on issue-based solution plays more on mitigation strategy then adaptation and responsibilities are suggested for dealing with climate change. Most of the analysis has focused on the case, where the actions available to society are just mitigation of emission.
The Environmental Impacts of Carbon Emissions
Published in Stephen A. Roosa, Arun G. Jhaveri, Carbon Reduction:, 2020
Stephen A. Roosa, Arun G. Jhaveri
Though concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide are increasing, the sources can be readily identified as they result mainly from six processes:5As a byproduct in ammonia and hydrogen plants, where methane is converted to CO2;From combustion of carbonaceous fuels;As a byproduct of fermentation;From thermal decomposition of calcium carbonate (CaCO3);As a byproduct of sodium phosphate manufacture;Directly from natural CO2 gas wells.
Global Climate Change
Published in John C. Ayers, Sustainability, 2017
Estimates of how much carbon dioxide we will emit in the near-future range widely. The actual amounts of greenhouse gas emitted will depend on the future strength of the global economy (greenhouse gas emission rates are higher when the economy is strong) and on the success of international climate mitigation agreements. Accurately estimating future atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases is even harder because the concentrations depend not only on emission rates (source terms) but also removal rates (sink terms) that are difficult to quantify. The existence of many recognized, and probably some unrecognized, feedback loops in the carbon cycle complicate the relationship between emission rates and actual atmospheric concentrations. Negative feedbacks such as increasing plant productivity will likely dampen the increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration and surface temperatures resulting from an increase in carbon dioxide emission rates. On the other hand, positive feedback loops could cause the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere to rise to levels higher than predicted by increased emissions alone. For example, an increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration resulting from an increase in carbon dioxide emission rate would cause global surface temperatures to rise, continental ice sheets to melt and expose permafrost to sunlight, and organic matter in the permafrost to decompose and release additional amounts of the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide and methane.
A decision support system for Taiwan’s forest resource management using Remote Sensing Big Data
Published in Enterprise Information Systems, 2021
Ruei-Yuan Wang, Pao-an Lin, Jui-Yuan Chu, Yi-Huang Tao, Hsiao-Chi Ling
Forests are the second-largest carbon storage present in the biosphere behind the oceans, and plants help to mitigate climate change, storing carbon in biomass and soils as well as reducing atmospheric carbon dioxide loads. Forests can also be dedicated to the mitigation of climate change utilising carbon sequestration, carbon substitution and carbon conservation (Halme, Pellikka, and Mottus 2019). Thus, carbon sink forests play a tremendous role that can fix atmospheric carbon dioxide, and mitigate the GHG effect and global warming. Further, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) had pointed out that forests can make a very important contribution to the low-cost strategy of global mitigation portfolio, and also offer synergies with adaptation and sustainability in the fourth assessment report in 2007. Hence, they are the focus of the various public and private policies and plans governing their management. Briefly, forest monitoring activities play a critical role in determining forest management and policy decisions. Accordingly, IPCC raises a proposal to integrate the source of Remote Sensing (RS) and ecological models (Penman et al. 2004), which would estimate the need for a convention on climate change.
Effect of oxygenated fuels on performance, combustion, emission and vibration characteristics of a compression ignition engine
Published in Biofuels, 2019
Madhava Varma Budharaju, Ravi Kumar Naradasu, Prasanthi Guvvala
The rapid decrease in fossil fuel reserves, ecological differences, and strict emission regulations have necessitated the need for oxygenated fuels like biodiesels and alcohols. Biodiesels are derived from waste restaurant grease, vegetable oils and animal fats which are monoalkyl esters of long chain fatty acids [1,2]. Biodiesel usage has been mandated in some countries. The Malaysian government has mandated the implementation of 5% of palm oil methyl ester in diesel fuel in selected regions of the country since mid-2011 [3]. At the Paris Climate Change Conference, all countries with a significant role in the accumulation of atmospheric carbon dioxide (which leads to global warming) made voluntary pledges aimed at the stabilization of a global temperature rise below 2°C. India pledged to reduce the intensity of emissions of its Gross Domestic Product (GDP) by 33 to 35% by 2030, over 2005 levels.
Spatial Statistical Downscaling for Constructing High-Resolution Nature Runs in Global Observing System Simulation Experiments
Published in Technometrics, 2019
Pulong Ma, Emily L. Kang, Amy J. Braverman, Hai M. Nguyen
Atmospheric carbon dioxide () is one of the most important greenhouse gases. Numerical models are typically used to study geophysical processes in carbon cycle, and to assess future climate change (e.g., Friedlingstein et al. 2006). Specifically, high-resolution atmospheric fields over the globe produced by numerical models are often used to study atmospheric chemistry and dynamics. Global numerical models typically generate atmospheric at relatively coarse-resolution, say, grid cells. On the other hand, since surface-level emissions are more relevant to urban environments where the majority of people reside, high-resolution surface observing networks are required to monitor greenhouse gas emissions, and to devise mitigation strategies (e.g., Shusterman et al. 2016). OSSEs can be used to design these observing networks, and to evaluate data assimilation algorithms that combine their data with space-based observations like those from Japan’s Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) and NASAs Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2). In this section, we demonstrate how our downscaling framework can be used to construct high-resolution NR fields for OSSEs.