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Toxic Responses of the Lung
Published in Stephen K. Hall, Joana Chakraborty, Randall J. Ruch, Chemical Exposure and Toxic Responses, 2020
Arsine is a colorless, very highly toxic gas with a faint, garlic-like odor. Although arsine as such is not used in industry, it is apt to be encountered wherever arsenic, even in scrap metals, becomes moist under reducing conditions with free hydrogen. In addition, arsine is involved in the smelting and refining of various arsenic-containing ores. Upon inhalation, arsine damages lungs and passes into the bloodstream where it causes hemolytic destruction of the red blood cells. Invariably, the sign observed in arsine poisoning is hemoglobinemia, appearing with discoloration of the urine up to port wine hue. Jaundice sets in on the second or third day and may be intense. Coincident with these effects is a severe hemolytic-type anemia. Severe renal damage may occur with oliguria or complete suppression of urinary function, leading to uremia and death. Where death does not occur, recovery is prolonged.
Toxic Atmospheres
Published in John F. Rekus, Complete Confined Spaces Handbook, 2018
Arsine is a colorless gas with a slight garlic-like odor. It may be formed during metal pickling processes or when inorganic arsenic comes in contact with hydrogen. Arsine is an extremely toxic gas and early symptoms of exposure include malaise, giddiness, apprehension, headache, shivering and abdominal pain with vomiting.
Toxicology
Published in Martin B., S.Z., of Industrial Hygiene, 2018
Arsine is a colorless, very highly toxic gas with a faint, garlic-like odor. Although arsine as such is not used in industry, it is apt to be encountered wherever arsenic, even in scrap metals, becomes moist under reducing conditions with free hydrogen. In addition, arsine is involved in the smelting and refining of various arsenic-containing ores. Upon inhalation, arsine damages lungs and passes into the bloodstream where it causes hemolytic destruction of the red blood cells. Invariably, the sign observed in arsine poisoning is hemoglobinemia, appearing with discoloration of the urine up to port wine hue. Jaundice sets in on the second or third day and may be intense. Coincident with these effects is a severe hemolytic-type anemia. Severe renal damage may occur with oliguria or complete suppression of urinary function, leading to uremia and death. Where death does not occur, recovery is prolonged.
Removal of arsenic from contaminated water using radiation-induced grafted chitosan: a critical review
Published in Chemistry and Ecology, 2022
The occurrence of inorganic As in drinking water has been identified as a source of risk for human health even at relatively low concentrations. As a consequence, more stringent safer limits for As in drinking water have been proposed [84]. There is evidence that arsenic is essential for humans [85,86]. The acute toxicity of As compounds in humans is a function of their rate of removal from the body. Arsine is considered to be the most toxic form, followed by As (III), As(V) and organic As compounds (MMA and DMA).