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Radiochemical Activation Analysis by Accelerated Charged Particles
Published in Zeev B. Alfassi, Max Peisach, Elemental Analysis by Particle Accelerators, 2020
Vialatte et al.30 suggested the separation of 18F- by adsorption on a small amount (0.7 to 0.8 mg) of hydrated antimony pentoxide (HAP) using hydrochloride solution. They found that the fraction of F- adsorbed to the HAP increases with the concentration of HCl, reaching 75% for 12 M HCl, shaken for 1 h. The capacity for retention of F− on HAP is 3 ± 0.5 mg of F- per gram of HAP. In a further study, Blondiaux and Vialatte31 studied the retention of fluoride on alumina in nitric acid in order to separate 18F. The found that by using a 5-cm-long column of 1-cm diameter and using a solution of 14 M HNO3, the adsorption of 18F is complete.
Flame Retardance of Fabrics
Published in Menachem Lewin, Stephen B. Sello, Handbook of Fiber Science and Technology: Chemical Processing of Fibers and Fabrics, 2018
Another recent FR additive in the developmental stage is a mixture of finely divided decabromodiphenyl oxide (DBDPO) with colloidal antimony pentoxide. Antimony trioxide cannot be used as an FR additive for rayon, because it brings about a pronounced discoloration of the resulting viscose fibers by reacting with the sulfur compounds in the viscose and forming dark orange products [244]. Similarly, polyvinylbromide latex, which when applied together with Sb2O5 gave a highly durable FR effect, could not be used due to discoloration, possibly caused by the lability of the aliphatically bound bromine. The DBDPO-Sb2O5 additive is highly effective. The flame resistance of the treated rayon is durable to 50 launderings according to the DOC FF-3-71 standard.
Adsorption and Ion-Exchange Processes
Published in Thomas E. Carleson, Nathan A. Chipman, Chien M. Wai, Separation Techniques in Nuclear Waste Management, 2017
Separation of Sr, Cs, and other fission products from ML- or ILW and HLW arising from the reprocessing of nuclear reactor fuel has been the main use for the sodium titanate materials. Ammonium 12-molybdophosphate (AMP) and the corresponding tungsten analog, ATP, have been suggested for the same separation. Faubel and Ali list a variety of reagents for removal of Cs from ILW that have been previously studied.92 Capacities for Cs removal are given for ammonium hexacyano cobaltous ferrate, potassium hexacyano nickel ferrate, zirconium phosphate, titanium phosphate, antimony pentoxide, titanium dioxide, and AMP. All of these absorbers are restricted to use with pH 2 to 12 solutions, except AMP, which can be used with high nitric acid concentrations. AMP has one of the highest capacities for Cs, up to 1.5 mmol/g. The column containing microcrystalline AMP is not a fixed-bed column, but more of a resin in pulp or fluidized column. Once the column is loaded, the AMP is removed and dissolved in 1 to 10 M NaOH, thus yielding a much smaller volume of HLW.
High dielectric properties, TiO2 nanoparticles doped PDLC devices for lower switching voltage
Published in Liquid Crystals, 2022
Miaomiao Jia, Yuzhen Zhao, Hong Gao, Dong Wang, Zongcheng Miao, Hui Cao, Zhou Yang
With the development of nanotechnology, the combination of PDLCs and nanometres has become a hot topic of research [10–13]. The introduction of nanoparticles in PDLC material is one of the effective methods for the modification of their properties. Various nanoparticles such as zinc oxide, antimony pentoxide and silicon dioxide have been introduced into PDLC [14–16]. The addition of these nanoparticles has improved the angular characteristics of the light transmission and the electro-optic properties up to some extent. Various other dopants have also been used such as dyes [17], aerosol nanoparticles [18], carbon nanotubes [19], silver nanoparticles [20–22], single-wall carbon nanotubes [23] and quantum dots [24,25] and their effect on the various properties have been investigated. Many scholars have made certain progress in nano-PDLC. Zhu Tengfei et al. reported that the driving voltage of the PDLC was reduced by the liquid crystal phase is more uniformly dispersed of doped silver nanoparticles [26]. Alfonso Hinojosa and Suresh C. Sharma incorporated the prepared 14-nanometre gold into the PDLC and found that the turn-on voltage was reduced and the light transmittance was increased [3,27].