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The Chemistry of Hazardous Materials
Published in Armen S. Casparian, Gergely Sirokman, Ann O. Omollo, Rapid Review of Chemistry for the Life Sciences and Engineering, 2021
Armen S. Casparian, Gergely Sirokman, Ann O. Omollo
The term anhydride refers to a substance from which water has been removed. In this case, K2O and CaO, which are metallic oxides, are referred to as basic anhydrides. Since both oxygen and water are ubiquitous substances in the environment, these reactions may occur or be in progress at any time.
Recent advance in enhanced adsorption of ionic dyes from aqueous solution: A review
Published in Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2023
Succinic anhydride and maleic anhydride are the most widely used anhydrides in adsorbents modification. The chemical formula of anhydrides is R–CO–O–CO–R’, which can be hydrolyzed in an aqueous solution to form carboxyl group (–R–CO–OH). Carboxyl groups can be grafted with –OH or –NH2 groups through esterification or amidation reactions (Chen et al., 2021; Jiang et al., 2018). In addition to providing carboxyl groups, they have the advantage of simple preparation. For example, Chen et al. easily grafted succinic anhydride on passion fruit peel by stirring, the as prepared adsorbent could adsorb 1776 and 1756 mg/g of MB and MV, respectively (Chen et al., 2021).
Electron paramagnetic resonance study of the paramagnetic center in gamma-irradiated tetrahydrophthalic anhydride single crystal
Published in Radiation Effects and Defects in Solids, 2020
Acid anhydrides are formed from the dehydration reaction of two carboxylic acid groups. Anhydrides are highly reactive toward nucleophiles and are able to acylate a number of the important functional groups of proteins and other macromolecules (20). Acid anhydrides are used in a variety of chemical processes but particularly in epoxy resins. Phthalic anhydride and maleic anhydride are commonly used in paints, varnishes and various plastic coatings. Acid anhydrides are also used as plasticizers for PVC and other plastics, especially where temperature stability is required, as for example in coatings for wires and cables (21).