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Comfort Heating Systems/Saving Natural Resources
Published in Dale R. Patrick, Stephen W. Fardo, Ray E. Richardson, Brian W. Fardo, Energy Conservation Guidebook, 2020
Dale R. Patrick, Stephen W. Fardo, Ray E. Richardson, Brian W. Fardo
Gas-energized infrared heating units must be supplied with air to produce combustion and must exhaust unburned gases into the atmosphere. The ignition of gas for this type of unit is primarily achieved by an electronic pilot spark. This part of the system is very similar in operation to that of a gas-fired comfort heating furnace. Figure 4-45 shows an example of a radiant-tube infrared heater. The burner manifold, gas control, ignition unit, safety components, and blower assembly are all enclosed in the steel cabinet. The radiating element is a U-shaped tube made of aluminized steel tubing that has approximately 25 square feet of surface area. The operating temperature of the element surface must reach 950°F to produce infrared radiation at an efficient level. A number of individual units may be connected together and serviced by a common gas source.
Pesticide Use and Calibration
Published in L.B. (Bert) McCarty, Golf Turf Management, 2018
Sprayer tanks can be constructed from a variety of materials, including stainless steel, aluminum, aluminized steel, galvanized steel, fiberglass, and plastic. Stainless steel is the most adaptable, but also the most expensive. Galvanized steel should be avoided, as it tends to react with some pesticides and is susceptible to rust, generating rust flakes that can clog sprayers. Some pesticides can also react with aluminum and aluminized steel. Fiberglass and plastic resist chemical reactions with pesticides and do not rust; they are lighter in weight than metal tanks but are more susceptible to breakage and possible degradation from long-term exposure to sunlight. Tanks mounted on turf utility vehicles typically range in size from 100 to 300 gallons (379 to 1,136 L). The largest tanks usually have baffles to reduce liquid shifting during operation.
Heating Systems
Published in Shan K. Wang, Zalman Lavan, Paul Norton, Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering, 2018
In a natural vent combustion system, the heat exchanger is often made from cold-rolled steel or aluminized steel in the shape of a clamshell or S. A fan or blower is always used to force the recirculating air flowing over the heat exchanger and distribute the heated air to the conditioned space. A low-efficiency disposable air filter is often located upstream of the fan to remove dust from the recirculating air. A draft hood is also installed to connect the flue gas exit at the top of the heat exchanger to a vent pipe or chimney. A relief air opening is employed to guarantee that the pressure at the flue gas exit is atmospheric and operates safely even if the chimney is blocked. The outer casing of the furnace is generally made of heavy-gauge steel with access panels.
Study of steel-aluminium joining under the influence of current waveforms using advanced CMT process variants
Published in Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 2022
Tinku Kumar, Degala Venkata Kiran, Navneet Arora, Polamuri Sudheer Kumar
Several studies are reported on the joining of Fe-Al sheets using CMT processes. Sravanthi et al.[10] successfully joined 19000 Al to Zn-coated mild steel using the conventional CMT process. They reported IMC layer reduction and shear tensile strength enhancement with the increment in the welding speed from 0.5 to 1 m/min. Kang et al.[11] evaluated the joint quality in the CMT process to join the Al 5052 with hot-dip aluminized steel sheets with different filler wires (5183, 5356, 4047, and 4043). It was observed that the joints with Si-based filler wire (4047 and 4043) show the minimum IMC layer thickness and maximum shear tensile strength; however, filler wires do not affect the wettability. Similarly, Singh et al.[12] observed the effect of the wire feed rate (WFR) to speed ratio on the lap joint of AA5052 to dual-phase steel in the CMT process to establish the relation of WFR and speed with joint strength. The joints with a high WFR/speed ratio were consistent and possessed better mechanical properties. It is evident from the discussion that in the conventional CMT process, the essential parameter to control the IMC layer thickness and mechanical properties is the selection of filler wire and joining speed.
Technological features of the porous functional ceramic coatings formation on aluminium by the method of microarc oxidation in silicate electrolytes
Published in Welding International, 2019
M.A. Markov, A.V. Krasikov, A.D. Bykova, Yu.A. Kuznetsov, I.N. Kravchenko, S.N. Perevislov, I.A. Bogdanov
Approval of filling of the volume of through-pores for MAO coatings on previously aluminized steel in the context of the specified current conditions was effected using electrochemical nickel plating. Selection of this metal was based on the use of the water-based universal electrolyte, developed in NITs ‘Kurchatovskii institut’ – Central Research Institute of KM ‘Prometei’, which makes it possible to carry out nickel plating of steel, copper alloys, aluminium alloys and titanium alloys without preliminary zincate or hydride treatment (Pat. RF No. 2,543,584. 2015).