China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Sedimentary rocks
Published in W.S. MacKenzie, A.E. Adams, K.H. Brodie, Rocks and Minerals in Thin Section, 2017
W.S. MacKenzie, A.E. Adams, K.H. Brodie
It is not always easy to distinguish dolomite from calcite under the microscope. When individual dolomite crystals growing in a sediment meet one another, continued growth as rhombohedra is not possible and the euhedral shape is lost. A simple chemical technique is often used to help distinguish calcite from dolomite. A thin section is immersed in a solution of a stain called Alizarin Red S in weak hydrochloric acid. Calcite reacts with the acid and a reddish-coloured precipitate forms. Dolomite does not react so readily with weak acid and remains unchanged.
Preparation and characterization of gelatin-bioactive glass ceramic scaffolds for bone tissue engineering
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2019
Osteoblasts mineralize the bone matrix during the differentiation phase of osteoblasts and the calcium-rich deposit formation on samples cultured with osteoblasts is an indication of matrix mineralization by osteogenic differentiation. Alizarin red S (ARS) staining is usually used to study calcium deposition in samples cultured with osteoblasts as ARS has the ability to bind with calcium salts [58] directly. Hence, ARS based assay was used in this study to quantify the calcium content on the pure gelatin and the GC–gelatin composite scaffolds. Figure 12 shows the relative mineralization of the different scaffolds normalized with respect to the control. All the samples showed higher mineralization when compared to control and there was an increase in matrix deposition with the increase in GC content. The GEL BG2 sample showed the highest mineralization of 1.89 fold mineralization while the pure gelatin scaffold showed only 1.65 fold mineralization with respect to control. The enhanced mineralization demonstrated by the composite scaffolds is due to dissolution products released from GC, which created an extracellular environment which supports osteoblast expression and differentiation in vitro. Another reason for the enhanced osteogenesis is the sensitivity of osteoblasts towards high silicon concentrations released from GC [56, 57, 59].
The response of bone cells to titanium surfaces modified by simvastatin-loaded multilayered films
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2018
Min Lai, Xufeng Yan, Ziyang Jin
Cell mineralization was measured according to our previous study [28]. MSCs were seeded on different substrate surfaces at an initial seeding density of 3 × 104 cells/cm2. After 21 days of culture, cells were rinsed with PBS and fixed with 2% glutaraldehyde for 20 min. Then, cells were rinsed and stained with 300 μL of 40 mM alizarin red S (pH 4.1) for approximately 30 min at room temperature. Next, cells were scraped off using a cell scraper in 10% acetic acid and heated for 10 min at 85 °C. Lastly, the treated samples were centrifuged and neutralized with 10% ammonium hydroxide. The absorbance of the solutions was evaluated at a wavelength of 405 nm using a spectrophotometric microplate reader.
Silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite scaffold: a highly compatible material for bone regeneration
Published in Science and Technology of Advanced Materials, 2020
Muhammad Saleem, Sidra Rasheed, Chen Yougen
The phase in which cells begins to release mineral matrix during osteogenic differentiation is called mineralization phase. It is typically determined by a dye (Alizarin Red S) that binds selectively to the calcium salts and hence can be used for mineral staining. The mineral deposition analysis of rBMSCs showed more quantity of Ca deposited on 30% SF/HA than pure SF in Figure 21. High mineral deposition ability means more mature osteoblast cells which shows more differentiation of rBMSCs and finally leads to deposit more extracellular cellular matrix.