China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
* , and Process Energy Management
Published in Barney L. Capehart, Wayne C. Turner, William J. Kennedy, Guide to Energy Management, 2020
Barney L. Capehart, Wayne C. Turner, William J. Kennedy
A thorough understanding of the end-use compressed air needs, from both a volume and usage profile perspective, is necessary in order to select the appropriate number and size of air compressors for the supply side. It is rare to find a manufacturing plant that has a constant, uniform use of compressed air throughout the day. Most manufacturing plants have cyclical flow and volume demands due to production schedules, and also need back-up supply, so typically engineers plan for more than one air compressor to meet a facility’s needs. A good strategy is to size a compressor for a base load, and have one or more compressors staged to come on-line to meet additional compressed air demand. In designing a compressed air system, altitude, inlet air temperature and relative humidity should be considered as they impact compressor capacity. It may also be helpful to have differing size compressors so that they can be tailored to fit the operating conditions. Additionally, a small compressor or separate booster may be appropriate for off-shift operations or a special high pressure, periodic application.
Air Compressors
Published in Neil Petchers, Combined Heating, Cooling & Power Handbook: Technologies & Applications, 2020
Air compressors can produce pressures ranging from slightly above atmospheric to more than 60,000 psi (4,000 bar), although most industrial applications use pressures of around 100 psig (7.9 bar). There are two general methods used to compress gaseous matter: Positive displacement compressors compress air (or other gases) by admitting successive volumes of air into a closed space and then decreasing the volume. Reciprocating and rotary screw compressors operate on this principle.Dynamic compressors are machines in which air or gas is compressed by the mechanical action of rotating vanes or impellers imparting velocity and pressure to the air or gas. Dynamic compressors include axial and centrifugal types.
*, and Process Energy Management
Published in Barney L. Capehart, William J. Kennedy, Wayne C. Turner, Guide to Energy Management, 2020
Barney L. Capehart, William J. Kennedy, Wayne C. Turner
A thorough understanding of the end-use compressed air needs, from both a volume and usage profile perspective, is necessary in order to select the appropriate number and size of air compressors for the supply side. It is rare to find a manufacturing plant that has a constant, uniform use of compressed air throughout the day. Most manufacturing plants have cyclical flow and volume demands due to production schedules, and also need back-up supply, so typically engineers plan for more than one air compressor to meet a facility’s needs. A good strategy is to size a compressor for a base load, and have one or more compressors staged to come on-line to meet additional compressed air demand. In designing a compressed air system, altitude, inlet air temperature and relative humidity should be considered as they impact compressor capacity. It may also be helpful to have differing size compressors so that they can be tailored to fit the operating conditions. Additionally, a small compressor or separate booster may be appropriate for off-shift operations or a special high pressure, periodic application.
Analysis of the quenching behavior in impinging flame: Flow and thermal characteristics
Published in Numerical Heat Transfer, Part A: Applications, 2023
Canxing He, Meng Sun, Jieyu Jiang, Yongzhe Yu, Kun Liu, Bin Zhang
The non-premixed combustion system is mainly composed of burner, impinging wall, trace particle mixer, air compressor, air bottle, and fuel bottle, supplemented by mass flow meter, needle valve, mass flow controller, and control equipment. The maximum working pressure of the air compressor is 8 kg/m3 with a speed of 2800 r/min, which can compress air up to 1.2 MPa. An air bottle with a capacity of 60 L is installed behind the air compressor to stabilize the air supply pressure. The compressed air (0.4 MPa) flows through the pressure-reducing valve and mass flow meter. One flows through a needle valve (the flow coefficient is 0.016) and the mass flow meter; the other flows through a needle valve and the tracer particles mixer (containing TiO2 tracer particles with a diameter of 10 μm). Then, the tracer particles converge with the air, and the mixture of air and tracer particles enters the burner. Meanwhile, the fuel (CH4 99.9% purity) flows out from the fuel bottle with a capacity of 8 L, then flows through the gas valve, the mass flow controller, and then, enters the burner. The optical measurement system was adopted in the current study, which consists of a double-pulse Nd-YAG laser, double shutter CCD camera, and SYNC-synchronization controller. The complete description of parameters was described in detail in the previous study [25–27]. The fluid velocity is obtained by capturing the movement of the tracer particles by the measuring system and the intercorrelation measurement is adopted to process particle images and calculate velocity vectors. The flame temperature is detected by a K-thermocouple with a temperature range of 0 to 1300 °C (error range of ±2 °C). In this study, the burner and measurement equipment is fixed, the fuel and airflow rates are kept constant and the H is 55, 65, and 75 mm, respectively. The ambient temperature and pressure are stabilized at 300 K and 101 kPa during the experiment, and the next set of experiments is carried out after the equipment has cooled to ambient temperature and the wall temperature has cooled to 295 K to reduce experimental error. Data acquisition is performed after the flame has been stabilized and the area of data acquisition and processing is from the burner to the impinging wall.