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Genetic Diversity in Natural Resources Management
Published in Yeqiao Wang, Landscape and Land Capacity, 2020
Thomas Joseph McGreevy, Jeffrey A. Markert
The first three methods are now obsolete.[41] While they yielded important data in early studies, they are expensive per individual, are difficult to automate, and require considerable skill to generate reproducible results. AFLPs, SSRs, and sequencing are all still widely used in conservation genetics. The AFLP technique uses restriction enzymes to break the genome into small fragments and a modified version of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to visualize a subset of these fragments. As with RFLPs, pairs of homologous restriction sites will generate identically sized fragments. The PCR primers used contain fluorescent labels that allow fragment sizes to be measured using high-resolution DNA capillary electrophoresis. A high degree of automation increases the objectivity of the analysis.
Genes and genomics
Published in Firdos Alam Khan, Biotechnology Fundamentals, 2018
There are many advantages to AFLP when compared to other marker technologies, including randomly amplified polymorphic DNA, restriction fragment length polymorphism, and microsatellites. AFLP not only has higher reproducibility, resolution, and sensitivity at the whole genome level compared to other techniques, but it also has the capability to amplify between 50 and 100 fragments at one time. In addition, no prior sequence information is needed for amplification. As a result, AFLP has become extremely beneficial in the study of bacteria, fungi, and plants, where much is still unknown about the genomic makeup of various organisms. The AFLP technology is covered by patents and patent applications of Keygene NY. AFLP is a registered trademark of Keygene NY.
Evaluation of large-scale low-concentration 2,4-D treatments for Eurasian and hybrid watermilfoil control across multiple Wisconsin lakes
Published in Lake and Reservoir Management, 2018
Michelle E. Nault, Martha Barton, Jennifer Hauxwell, Eddie Heath, Tim Hoyman, Alison Mikulyuk, Michael D. Netherland, Scott Provost, John Skogerboe, Scott Van Egeren
Development of herbicide resistance has been observed with several invasive aquatic plant species such as with fluridone use on hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata; Michel et al. 2004, Arias et al. 2005, Puri et al. 2006) and diquat on dotted duckweed (Landoltia punctata; Koschnick et al. 2006). Given the documentation of resistance in these species to other herbicides, it is possible that other invasive aquatic plant species may develop resistance to the herbicide 2,4-D. Reduced fluridone sensitivity has been observed in both field and laboratory studies with a HWM genotype from Townline Lake in central Michigan, however the mechanism contributing to the increased tolerance is not yet well understood (Berger et al. 2012, Thum et al. 2012, Berger et al. 2015). A recent mesocosm study by Netherland and Willey (2017) demonstrated that HWM strains from Frog and English lakes showed a greater tolerance to 2,4-D when compared to another strain of HWM and EWM. In the future, resource managers should consider conducting genetic pretreatment screening of target populations to better understand among- and within-population variation, as well as changes in population genetic composition after chemical control (Moody et al. 2008). In addition to currently utilized ITS sequencing and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis techniques (Zuellig and Thum 2012), recently developed polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR–RFLP) screening may make sampling for hybridity less technically demanding and more cost effective in the future (Grafe et al. 2015).