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Toxic Effects of Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles on Humans and the Environment
Published in Bhaskar Mazumder, Subhabrata Ray, Paulami Pal, Yashwant Pathak, Nanotechnology, 2019
Sanjay Dey, Bhaskar Mazumder, Supriya Datta
Zhu et al. (2013) studied the toxicity of nano-copper oxide (CuO), nano-cadmium oxide (CdO), and nano-TiO2. CuO NPs were found to possess the most potent cytotoxicity and to cause the most damage to the DNA. Nano-CdO showed less cytotoxicity than nano-CuO. Nano-TiO2 was found to show low cytotoxicity, without an increase in 8-oxo-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels.
In vivo effects of 1,4-dioxane on genotoxic parameters and behavioral alterations in Drosophila melanogaster
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 2022
Contamination of water sources (especially drinking water) and foods to this chemical constitutes a human health issue because of potential carcinogenic effects. Stickney et al. (2003) showed that DXN exposure via drinking water induced hepatic tumors in exposed mice and rats; however, the mode of action (MOA) of this carcinogenic effect still remains unknown. Gi et al. (2018) examined mutagenicity following DXN treatment at 5000 ppm concentration for 16 weeks in F344 rats and data indicated that mutation frequency, transitions, and transversions of DNA repair enzyme were significantly increased. These results demonstrated that DXN is a genotoxic hepatocarcinogen via a mutagenic MOA. In addition, Totsuka et al. (2020) found that after DXN exposure to 0, 20, 200, or 5,000 ppm DNA adduct formation was significantly elevated in rat livers compared to the control indicating DXN-mediated genotoxicity. In addition, different three different adducts were identified including thymine or cytidine/uracil moieties and 8-oxo-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG). Thus, Totsuka et al. (2020) proposed that oxidative stress parameters may partially be involved in the mechanisms leading to elevated mutations in rats exposed DXN. Similarly, in the current study, mutagenic effects associated with DXN were observed only at the highest concentration (%1) exposure in the SMART assay. It is noteworthy that recombinogenic effects attributed to DXN were detected at various nontoxic concentrations (0.1, 0.25, and 0.5%) with SMART.
Predominant role of antioxidants in ameliorating the oxidative stress induced by pesticides
Published in Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health, 2021
Srujana Medithi, Padmaja R. Jonnalagadda, Babban Jee
A study conducted using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) to investigate the combined protective role of NAC and curcumin (known to act as a free radical scavenger) against oxidative stress induced by pesticides like Endosulfan (OC), Malathion (OP) and Phosphamidon (OP) concluded that co-administration of NAC and curcumin significantly reduced the levels of MDA and 8-Oxo-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG, a marker of DNA oxidation).83