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Penicillin, Cephalosporin, and Streptomycin Production
Published in Debabrata Das, Soumya Pandit, Industrial Biotechnology, 2021
This possibility came into existence by inducing a mould for the production of new antibiotics by chemical induction into antibiotic precursors. These new antibiotics like phenoxymethyl penicillin (Penicillin V) had better acid stability than penicillin G; penicillin O (allythiomethyl penicillin) has a low allergic reaction. In 1959, precursor-starved P. chrysogenum fermentation was used for the isolation of 6-amino penicillanic acid which opened the gates to the era of semi-synthetic antibiotics. For the preparation of semi-synthetic penicillins, penicillin G or penicillin V is cleaved producing 6-APA which is later modified by integrating the 6-acyl group chemically or enzymatically with the help of acylases. Mostly bacterial acylases are used as they cleave penicillin G rapidly (Jermini and Demain, 1989).
Production of Antibiotics and Anti-Tumor Agents
Published in Nduka Okafor, Benedict C. Okeke, Modern Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2017
Nduka Okafor, Benedict C. Okeke
In preparing semi-synthetic penicillins, 6-APA is prepared by cleaving from penicillin G or penicillin V the 6-acyl group by chemical means or with enzymes (acylases) produced by a wide range of microorganisms including bacteria, yeasts, molds, and even mammals (hog kidney acylase). The various acylases have different substrates. Actinomycete and mold acylases usually attack penicillins with aliphatic side-chains, e.g. penicillin V or phenoxymethyl penicillin (Penicillin); penicillin G is attacked more slowly. On the other hand, bacterial acylases attack penicillin G rapidly. Immobilized enzymes and cells are being used in these processes.
Extended release of 6-aminopenicillanic acid by silanol group functionalized vermiculite
Published in Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 2022
Nona Soleimanpour Moghadam, Amirreza Azadmehr, Ardeshir Hezarkhani
FTIR spectra was recorded on a Shimadzu FTIR instrument spectrometer in 4,000-400 cm−1 region using KBr platelets. XRD analyses were performed using a Philips X-ray diffract meter using CuKα radiation. Philips X-ray fluorescence (XRF) using X-ray diffract meter X unique (II) with CuKa radiation used for identifying chemical composition of samples. BET analysis was recorded under the N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms at P/P0 between 0.02 and 0.99 by Belsorp mini IIModel. Quantitative analysis of 6-APA were determined by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV- Jenway 6850 Double-Beam Spectrophotometer) at the wavelength of 420 nm.