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Liquid and Crystal Nanomaterials for Water Remediation: Synthesis, Application and Environmental Fate
Published in Uma Shanker, Manviri Rani, Liquid and Crystal Nanomaterials for Water Pollutants Remediation, 2022
Jigneshkumar V. Rohit, Vaibhavkumar N. Mehta
Organic pollutants are products/byproducts of chemical industries and major sources of water pollution. As they are highly toxic molecules, their degradation/removal from water resources is a necessary task. 4-Nitrophenol and its derivatives are commonly found to toxic molecules in water bodies as they are used by many industries as an intermediate in the preparation of many drugs, dyes and pesticides. But this nitrogen-based organic compounds are highly health hazardous and cause skin irritation, dermatitis, diarrhea, conjunctivitis, colic, corneal and liver damage (Bamba et al. 2017). Also, nitro-containing aromatic molecules show mutagenic and carcinogenic activity due to their easy conversion into their N-hydroxy and nitroso derivatives. The use of NMs for the conversion of toxic substances into environmentally friendly molecules is the simplest way to remove/degrade 4-nitrophenol and their derivatives from water samples (Chen et al. 2016).
Active nickel hollow nanosphere supported over SiO2 catalyst for reduction of nitro compound
Published in Particulate Science and Technology, 2022
Priyanka S. Pawar, Aboli A. Lokhande, Sachin U. Nandanwar, Prashant S. Niphadkar, Vijay V. Bokade
4-nitrophenol (4-NP) is one of the common nitro compounds, which is considered as a hazardous pollutant in the industrial wastewater (Shang et al. 2016). It is difficult to degrade naturally due to its chemical properties such as flammability, toxicity, acidity, reactivity and heat of combustion (Xu et al. 2015). 4-NP is high-priority toxic pollutants because it is readily soluble in water and harmful to human life, is declared by the US EPA (Metin et al. 2010). This pollutant damages the central nervous system, liver, kidney and blood of humans as well as animals. Therefore, it is crucial to remove 4-NP from the industrial wastewater before release into the environment. The degradation of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) into 4- aminophenol (4-AP) is one the best approach to convert waste and harmful pollutant into the useful product. 4-AP is one of the crucial chemical intermediate to produce dyes, agrochemicals, corrosion inhibitors, anticorrosion lubricants, and use to synthesis of pharmaceuticals products likes analgesic and antipyretic drugs (Mohan et al. 2012; Niu et al. 2014; Liu, Tian, and Jiang 2015). Due its wide applications, 4-AP demand will be increased by 3.84% in international market by 2023. But it is very challenging to convert the 4-NP into 4-AP due to its complexity.
Catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol using CuO@Na2Ti(PO4)2⋅H2O
Published in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 2022
Bishenka H. Mahaulpatha, Lalinda Palliyaguru, Savidya Jayawardene, Masaru Shimomura, Jonas Baltrusaitis, Pradeep M. Jayaweera
4-nitrophenol (4-NP) is one of the most persistent organic pollutants commonly found in water resources as a result of industrial and agricultural activities.[1] The United States environmental protection agency (EPA) has listed 4-NP as a priority toxic pollutant, which has adverse effects on human health.[2] Conversely, chemical reduction of 4-NP to 4-aminophenol (4-AP) has attracted much attention recently due to the use of 4-AP as an intermediate for the manufacture of analgesic and antipyretic drug.[3] The chemical reduction of 4-NP to 4-AP can be done by using various methods, such as catalytic,[4] photocatalytic,[5] and Fenton reactions.[6] Chemical reduction of 4-NP to 4-AP using NaBH4 is thermodynamically favorable, but has a large kinetic energy barrier due to strong repulsion between negatively charged intermediate of 4-nitrophenolate and [7] According to the reported literature, providing a catalytic surface to bring together these two reactive species and to facilitate the electron transfer has proven to be very successful in overcoming the kinetic energy barrier.[7,8]
Application of birnessite-type solids prepared by sol–gel and oxidation methods in photocatalytic degradation of 4-nitrophenol
Published in Environmental Technology, 2022
S. González-Morán, B. González, M. A. Vicente, R. Trujillano, V. Rives, A. Gil, S. A. Korili
4-Nitrophenol (4-NP) is a pale-yellow, almost odourless, non-volatile solid, moderately soluble in cold water. It does not exist in nature but is produced synthetically. It is used for synthesis in Medicine, being an intermediate in the synthesis of paracetamol and a precursor for the preparation of phenetidine and acetophenetidine and is formed in the degradation of some pesticides and fungicides, such as the so-called Parathion®, currently banned. Although the effects of exposure to 4-NP have not been fully studied, laboratory experiments with animals have predicted some of the consequences it could have on human health: inhalation of this pollutant decreases the ability of blood to transport oxygen to organs and tissues, although the effects disappear with the interruption of the exposure; contact with the skin and eyes causes irritation and the intake of large doses could be fatal [20].