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Environmental Fate Data for Miscellaneous Compounds
Published in John H. Montgomery, Thomas Roy Crompton, Environmental Chemicals Desk Reference, 2017
John H. Montgomery, Thomas Roy Crompton
Chemical/Physical. To a 70-mL aqueous solution containing 3-chlorophenol thermostated at 25.0°C was added ferrous sulfate and hydrogen peroxide solution (i.e., hydroxyl radicals). Concentrations of 3-chlorophenol were periodically determined with time. 3-Chlorophenol degraded more rapidly than the analogs 2- and 4-chlorophenol. The investigators reported that the oxidations of chlorophenols probably proceeds via a hydroxylated compound, followed by ring cleavage, yielding aldehydes before mineralizing to carbon dioxide and chloride ions. At a given hydrogen peroxide concentration, when the ferrous ion concentration is increased, the reaction rate also increased. Ferric ions alone with hydrogen peroxide did not decrease the concentration of chlorophenols, indicating that hydroxyl radicals were not formed.
Fate and Behavior of Endocrine Disrupters in Sludge Treatment and Disposal
Published in Jason W. Birkett, John N. Lester, Endocrine Disrupters in Wastewater and Sludge Treatment Processes, 2002
The persistence of 2,4-D may be related to the positioning of the chlorine atoms on the ring structure. Pentachlorophenol degradation occurs by initial dehalogenation at the para-position,40 and in contaminated soils, the use of anaerobic digestion has been demonstrated to remove 95% of PCP.71 The degradation pathway appears to then produce 3,5-chlorophenol and 3-chlorophenol as observed by Tartakovsky et al.41 The degradation of 2,4-D has been demonstrated to occur with the loss of the chlorine in the 2- position with the preferential formation of 4-chlorophenol; both 2- and 4-chlorophenol were subsequently observed to degrade to phenol.32 The preferential formation of 4-chlorophenol may be expected, as substitution in this position has been shown to be most difficult to remove in methanogenic sludges, with the ortho-substitution being least recalcitrant.33,38 However not all observations support this.41
Enhancement of Bioremediation by Partial Preoxidation
Published in Donald L. Wise, Debra J. Trantolo, Remediation of Hazardous Waste Contaminated Soils, 2018
Work with systems using surface attachment of P. chrysosporium by Lewandowski et al.105 has shown that the biodegradation rate of 3-chlorophenol was improved by a factor of 40 when the fungus was immobilized.
A tailored permeable reactive bio-barrier for in situ groundwater remediation: removal of 3-chlorophenol as a case study
Published in Environmental Technology, 2022
Efrat Miller, Ofir Menashe, Carlos G. Dosoretz
The present study explored the effectiveness of macro-encapsulation and suitability of a nutrient core as the reactive bed of a PRBB under defined conditions in a pilot-scale set-up mimicking remediation of a saturated aquifer. A pure culture of Pseudomonas putida has been chosen as the encapsulated organism since P. putida strains have demonstrated the ability to effectively utilize or degrade phenolic compounds [16,17]. 3-Chlorophenol (3CP) was chosen as an RCC model compound because of the specificity of phenol degradation, relatively low volatility/high solubility and due to the ease of tracking chloride formation as a reporting element of the course of the biodegradation/biotransformation.