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Resistive Humidity Sensors
Published in Ghenadii Korotcenkov, Handbook of Humidity Measurement, 2019
Later, Sakai et al. (1987, 2001), studying a copolymer containing poly(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid) (AMPS) and hydrophobic poly(ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) and its alkali salts, have established that the majority of the carriers in these materials are the alkali cations. The alkali salts of AMPS were synthesized by neutralization with LiOH, NaOH, KOH, RbOH, or CsOH in an aqueous solution cooled in an ice bath. Results related to RH influence on the impedance of the films are plotted in Figure 11.6. The impedance values are in the order of H<Cs<Rb<K<Na<Li salt. This order is the same as that of the equivalent conductance of the alkali ions at an infinite concentration. However, as can be seen in Figure 11.6, the nature of the alkali ions has almost no effect on the sensitivity of the sensors to RH. In addition, it was concluded that the Cs salt of poly(AMPS) is the most moisture-resistive material among the alkali salts and the acid form of poly(AMPS). The sensor, based on such material, did not deteriorate at all, even after dipping in water for 120 minutes.
Principles of Friction and Lubrication
Published in Yoshito Ikada, Yoshikimi Uyama, Lubricating Polymer Surfaces, 1998
Yoshito Ikada, Yoshikimi Uyama
FIGURE 8. 24. Electrostatic properties of the poly(ethylene terephthalate) fabrics surfacegrafted with various monomers. Triboelectric charge generated upon rubbing with a cotton fabric is given in absolute values neglecting the sign of the charge. Half decay time (τ) is the average of values observed when +5kV and -5kV were applied. NaSS, sodium styrenesut. fonate; DMAEA, N, N-dimethylaminoethyl acrylate; AMPS, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid; ◻, half decay time: triboelectric charge [22].
Smart Nanoparticles in Drug/Gene Delivery
Published in Klaus D. Sattler, st Century Nanoscience – A Handbook, 2020
Mahdi Karimi, Michael R. Hamblin
Recently, a DDS was developed based on cross-linked poly(dimethylsiloxane)-electro-sensitive colloidal SiO2 particles, and they observed a rapid electrically-stimulated bending of the gel in silicon oil. In another study, Zhao et al. [159] used the polymer poly (2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid-co-n-butylmethacrylate) as a controlled delivery system for edrophonium hydrochloride and hydrocortisone. Their results showed that the drug release rate strongly depended on the intensity of electrical stimulation in distilled water. Furthermore, the release of a positively charged drug depended on ion exchange between positively charged solute and the hydrogen ions produced in the electrolysis of water.
Investigation of the impact of polymer gels on water and gas production in Homa gas field using well and reservoir modeling
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2020
Mohammad Ghasem Akbarifard, Amin Azdarpour, Zahra Arab Aboosadi, Bizhan Honarvar, Moein Nabipour
Polyacrylamide polymer has a molecular weight of 5 to 6 million Daltons with dedicated code of 81128 and polyethylene amine with dedicated code of 191973 has a molecular weight of 2 million Daltons. Due to the high salinity of formation water (150000 to 230000 parts per million), a combination of these products with a stabilizer is prepared at special concentrations in order to stay stable in high salinities. The polymeric gel is prepared at 20000 ppm of polyacrylamide polymer, 17500 ppm of polyethylene amine, and 4000 ppm of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS). This combination stays stable until the salinity of 300000 ppm and reaches its maximum stability level.
Nanotechnology for modern textiles: highlights on smart applications
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2022
On the other hand, SMPs played the same role as previously stated for SMAs, except that they are polymers (Hager et al., 2015). Due to its chemical composition, it’s suitable for smart textile applications. It offers adequate extensibility with tremendous processability, low weight and easy handling. In addition, SMPs always have the ability to sense and respond appropriately to external stimuli such as temperature, pH, chemicals, and light in a preprogrammed manner. The most common polymer used is poly 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid that is targeted for application in the replacement of muscles and tendons (Leist et al., 2017) as seen in Figure 3.
Experimental investigation on plugging and transport characteristics of Pore-Scale microspheres in heterogeneous porous media for enhanced oil recovery
Published in Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 2021
Dai-jun Du, Wan-fen Pu, Fayang Jin, Dong-Dong Hou, Le Shi
In this work, acryloyl fattyalcohol polyoxyethylene ether (acryloyl-O-20) and 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) were simultaneously introduced into polymer microspheres to form novel microspheres (NMPS) through inverse emulsion polymerization technology. Then, the properties of NMPS were examined. Subsequently, the plugging and transport characteristics were investigated through double parallel core displacement experiments. Finally, low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) core online analysis system was implemented to investigate the alteration in oil saturation preciously during NMPS flooding and subsequent water flooding.