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PGO Processing with azeotropic rectification to extract naphthalene
Published in Vladimir Litvinenko, Topical Issues of Rational Use of Natural Resources 2019, 2019
Naphthalene plays an irreplaceable role in Fine Chemical Industry. Naphthalene is used for the synthesis of sulfonic acids, phthalic anhydride, azo dyes, plasticizers, decalin, tetralin, naphthol and others. Sulfonic acids from naphthalene are good surface-active substances (surfactants). The way of the derivation of superplatifikators for concrete from naphthalene is actively developing now.
Impact of modification on the properties of Eucheuma biochar and its adsorption of phenanthrene from aqueous solution
Published in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 2023
Yue Wang, Mengyan Sun, Yuke Mo, Shiqian Fu, Huicheng Yang, Bangchu Lin, Yongjiang Lou, Yongyong Li
Several studies have indicated that the surface area and pore distribution of biochar are key factors affecting adsorption.[11] However, the large amount of ash in the original biochar limits adsorption by covering the adsorption sites and blocking the pores.[12] Modified biochar has been shown to significantly improve the surface properties, such as surface area, functional groups, pore structure and distribution, thus enabling adsorption in a favorable direction.[13] Acid-base modification can change the specific surface area and pore volume of biochar and introduce some surface functional groups to improve the adsorption performance of biochar. For example, Zhang et al.[14] reported that the modification of rice straw biochar with HCl-HF resulted in the reduction of surface minerals, exposure of active sites and enhancement of hydrophobicity, which was more favorable for naphthalene and 1-naphthol adsorption. Similarly, Qiao et al.[15] demonstrated that the specific surface area of biochar increased more than 20 times after HCl-HF modification, which increased PAHs removal. In addition, Zhang et al.[16] investigated the enhanced adsorption performance of KOH-modified peanut shell biochar for tetracycline in aqueous solutions.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs): Updated aspects of their determination, kinetics in the human body, and toxicity
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 2023
Fernando Barbosa, Bruno A. Rocha, Marília C. O. Souza, Mariana Z. Bocato, Lara F. Azevedo, Joseph A. Adeyemi, Anthony Santana, Andres D. Campiglia
PAH absorption through inhalation occurs through the mucus lining of the bronchi. Absorption through the oral route occurs via the gastrointestinal tract, where up to 50% of ingested PAHs are absorbed in humans (ATSDR (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry) 1995; Bauer et al. 2018). The dietary source is the most common exposure route of PAHs for humans; BaP and fluoranthene are the most common PAHs detected in food (ATSDR Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry 1995). PAHs may also be absorbed through dermal exposure by passive diffusion (Beriro et al. 2016). Typically, absorption through inhalation is expected to be higher than through skin. However, it is possible that dermal absorption of PAHs might outweigh absorption through inhalation, especially with LMW PAHs (Lao et al. 2018). LMW PAHs such as 1-naphthol (1-OH-Nap), 2-naphthol (2-OH-Nap), and 1-hydroxyphenanthrene (1-OH-Phe) are rapidly absorbed through the skin among Chinese populations that were exposed to barbecue fumes (Lao et al. 2018).
Association between exposure to air pollutants and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Published in International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2022
Mengjie Zhang, Changhong Wang, Xinxin Zhang, Huiling Song, Yan Li
Abid Z et al. (Abid et al. 2014) conducted a case–control study with 1,257 pairs of children and adolescents aged between 6 and 15 years, recruited from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Incidences of ADHD were assessed from parental reports of whether a child had ever been doctor-diagnosed with ADHD. PAH concentrations were measured based on urinary metabolite concentrations (nanograms per liter (ng/L)). Five exposure variables were used in this analysis: 1-pyrene, 1-naphthol, 2-naphthol, fluorine ‘FLUO’ metabolites (2-fluorene + 3-fluorene), and phenanthrene ‘PHEN’ metabolites (1-phenanthrene + 2-phenanthrene + 3-phenanthrene). No association was found between these five exposure variables and ADHD (RR: 1.00, 95% CI: 0.60–1.69; RR: 1.00, 95% CI: 0.60–1.69; RR: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.35–1.01; RR: 1.40, 95% CI: 0.72–2.72, and RR: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.36–1.39, respectively).