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Gastrointestinal System
Published in Joseph D. Bronzino, Donald R. Peterson, Biomedical Engineering Fundamentals, 2019
e small intestine is a long hollow organ, which consists of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, respectively. Its length is about 650 cm in humans and 300 cm in dogs. e duodenum extends from the pylorus to the ligament of Treitz (about 30 cm in humans and dogs). In humans, the duodenum forms a C-shaped pattern, with the ligament of Treitz near the corpus of the stomach. In dogs, the duodenum lies along the right side of the peritoneal cavity, with the ligament of Treitz in the pelvis. e duodenum receives pancreatic exocrine secretions and bile. In both humans and dogs, the jejunum consists of the next one-third whereas the ileum consists of the remaining two-thirds of the intestine. e major dierences between the jejunum and ileum are functional in nature, relating to their absorption characteristics and motor control. e majority of sugars, amino acids, lipids, electrolytes, and water are absorbed in the jejunum and proximal ileum, whereas bile acids and vitamin B12 are absorbed in the terminal ileum.
Gastrointestinal tract and salivary glands
Published in A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha, Clark’s Procedures in Diagnostic Imaging: A System-Based Approach, 2020
A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha
The small intestine is 6.5 m in length and 2–4 cm in diameter, dividing into three parts: duodenum (25 cm); jejunum (2.5 m); ileum (4 m). The duodenum forms a C-shaped loop around the head of pancreas, which is continuous with the jejunum at the DJ flexure at the level of the ligament of Treitz. The jejunum lies between the duodenum and ileum below the level of the stomach, and is located centrally within the margins of the colon. Much of the ileum lies within the pelvis, particularly when the bladder is empty. The terminal ileum is the most distal part of the small intestine, crossing into the right iliac fossa where it opens into the caecum of the large intestine at the ileo-caecal valve.
Gastrointestinal imaging 1: oesophagus, stomach and bowel
Published in Sarah McWilliams, Practical Radiological Anatomy, 2011
o The fourth part of the duodenum ascends vertically to lie at the same anatomical level as the first part of the duodenum, where the duodenojejunal junction is fixed in position by the ligament of Treitz. The duodenum should have a curvature and, if D4 lies below D1, there may be malrotation of the small bowel and the patient is at risk of volvulus.
Types and site distributions of intestinal injuries in seat belt syndrome
Published in Traffic Injury Prevention, 2020
Yuta Yamamoto, Yusuke Miyagawa, Masato Kitazawa, Shugo Takahata, Seigo Aoyagi, Nao Hondo, Makoto Koyama, Satoshi Nakamura, Shigeo Tokumaru, Futoshi Muranaka, Yuji Soejima
Next, we analyzed the types and locations of the intestinal injuries. Among the 25 patients, there were 64 major bowel (n = 34) and mesenteric (n = 30) injuries for which surgical interventions were performed. Seven patients had a single lesion, while five had double, seven had triple, five had four, and one had six lesions. Regarding the injury sites, the small intestine was divided into the following parts: (1) the ligament of Treitz (100-cm distal from the ligament [proximal jejunum]); (2) the ileocecal valve (100-cm proximal from the valve [distal ileum]); and (3) the intermediate area between those two regions (jejunoileal junction). Regarding perforations, 17 of 20 (85.0%) occurred in the small bowel and 11 (55.0%) in the jejunoileal junction. There were only three perforations (15.0%) of the colon. In contrast, non-perforations occurred across the entire intestine (Figure 1). There were 30 mesenteric injuries: 12 (40.0%) occurred in the jejunoileal junction, 11 (36.6%) in the distal ileum, and two (6.7%) in the proximal jejunum (Figure 2).