Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
*
Published in Jamie Bartram, Rachel Baum, Peter A. Coclanis, David M. Gute, David Kay, Stéphanie McFadyen, Katherine Pond, William Robertson, Michael J. Rouse, Routledge Handbook of Water and Health, 2015
These two diseases are grouped together for the purpose of this book, because both diseases are caused by flaviviruses that are transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes (World Health Organization, 2009). Also, both are very significant diseases (an effective yellow fever vaccine exists and has greatly reduced disease burden). Ae aegypti serves as the primary vector for both diseases, although other species have also been implicated. Ae aegyptimosquitoes develop in collections of water in small containers which are mostly of anthropogenic origin such as flower vases, toilet tanks, or discarded tires. For this reason, the disease does not show the pronounced connection with rainfall variability that some mosquito-borne diseases exhibit, nor are there strong spatial connections of disease foci with naturally-occurring standing water.
Health Aspects of Using Reclaimed Water in Engineering Projects
Published in Donald R. Rowe, Isam Mohammed Abdel-Magid, Handbook of Wastewater Reclamation and Reuse, 2020
Donald R. Rowe, Isam Mohammed Abdel-Magid
Yellow fever is an acute, often fatal, disease caused by an arbovirus. The disease causes severe headache and fever as well as aching of the bones. The fever is followed by jaundice, internal hemorrhages, and vomiting. Aedes aegypti is the vector for yellow fever, dengue, and dengue hemorrhagic fever. The vector breeds in almost any situation where water is held in either small or large containers, such as small pits or large cisterns.
Flying and Health
Published in Roger G Green, Helen Muir, Melanie James, David Gradwell, Roger L Green, Human Factors for Pilots, 2017
Roger G Green, Helen Muir, Melanie James, David Gradwell, Roger L Green
Yellow fever is insect borne but the primary protection against this is vaccination. The vaccine is extremely efficient, very safe, and effective for at least ten years. It is so good that it remains the only vaccination that can be demanded as a condition of entry to certain countries, and therefore is usually needed by international pilots.
Betel essential oil-loaded lipid-core nanocapsules as mosquito repellent spray formulations for fabric finishes
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2023
Azlan Kamari, Siti Najiah Mohd Yusoff, Siew Tin Susana Wong, Esther Phillip, Justin S. J. Hargreaves, Hidayatulfathi Othman
Mosquitoes are medically and economically significant groups of insects among dipterans. Mosquitoes are the vectors for various numbers of human and zoonotic disease pathogens affecting human and animal hosts (Alkenani, 2017; Sibanda et al., 2018). The most important mosquito species include member of the mosquito genera Aedes (vector of dengue, yellow fever, chikungunya and Zika), Anopheles (vector of malaria) and Culex (vector of lymphatic filariasis) (Al-Mekhlafi, 2018; Schorkopf et al., 2016). According to the World Health Organization (WHO) nearly 700 million cases and 1 million deaths due to mosquito-borne diseases are reported each year worldwide. Based on the report published by WHO, there were 229 million of cases of malaria infection reported from endemic countries in 2019, with 409,000 fatalities being recorded (World Health Organization, 2020). Moreover, the global occurrence of dengue has grown dramatically with the number of infections reported to WHO increasing over 8 folds over the last two decades, from 505,430 cases in 2000 to and 5.2 million in 2019 (World Health Organization, 2021). In Malaysia, a total of 17,639 cases of dengue infection were recorded during the period from 29 December 2020 to 26 August 2021 (Ministry of Health Malaysia, 2021).
Low level of dengue infection and transmission risk in Hong Kong: an integrated analysis of temporal seroprevalence results and corresponding meteorological data
Published in International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2022
Ngai Sze Wong, Leonia Hiu Wan Lau, Denise Pui Chung Chan, Cheuk Kwong Lee, Shui Shan Lee
Our study has some limitations. First, serological studies have been conducted only in 2014 and 2018/19 instead of annual basis. The temporal change of DENV IgG seroprevalence could not be examined. Second, data fields such as traveling history and local residency status of donors were not collected. Whether the IgG positive healthy adults were previously infected outside Hong Kong could only be indirectly derived from the serotyping results. Third, local dengue outbreaks have occurred in small scale and in limited years, making the analysis and interpretation of its temporal association with other variables difficult. Fourth, the dengue IgG ELISA test could not exclude the cross-reactivity displayed by antibodies against heterologous with other flaviviruses and vaccination against yellow fever virus.
Using mathematical modelling to investigate the effect of the sexual behaviour of asymptomatic individuals and vector control measures on Zika
Published in Letters in Biomathematics, 2019
S. Bañuelos, M. V. Martinez, C. Mitchell, A. Prieto-Langarica
Zika is a vector-borne disease which is primarily transmitted through the bite of an infected female Aedes mosquito, mainly Aedes aegypti (Gao et al., 2016). Aedes aegypti mosquito is the same mosquito that can transmit dengue, chikungunya and yellow fever. Unlike dengue, chikungunya and yellow fever, however, Zika can be transmitted through sexual contact (Allard, Althouse, Hébert-Dufresne, & Scarpino, 2017). The most common symptoms of the Zika virus infection are fever, rash, headache, joint pain, conjunctivitis and muscle pain. Symptoms usually last anywhere from 3 to 14 days (Krow-Lucal, Biggerstaff, & Staples, 2017). Yet not everyone who is infected with Zika displays or experiences any symptoms and, in fact, it is estimated that 80% of people infected with Zika are asymptomatic (Duffy et al., 2009).